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Philosophy 

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Huxley, Aldous

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Huxley, Aldous (Leonard) (b. July 26, 1894, Godalming, Surrey, Eng.--d. Nov. 22, 1963, Los Angeles), English novelist and critic gifted with an acute and far-ranging intelligence. His works were notable for their elegance, wit, and pessimistic satire.

Aldous Huxley was a grandson of the prominent biologist T.H. Huxley and was the third child of the biographer and man of letters Leonard Huxley. He was educated at Eton, during which time he became partially blind owing to keratitis. He retained enough eyesight to read with difficulty, and he graduated from Balliol College, Oxford, in 1916. He published his first book in 1916 and worked on the periodical Athenaeum from 1919 to 1921. Thereafter he devoted himself largely to his own writing and spent much of his time in Italy until the late 1930s, when he settled in California.

Huxley established himself as a major author in his first two published novels, Crome Yellow (1921) and Antic Hay (1923); these are witty and malicious satires on the pretensions of the English literary and intellectual coteries of his day. Those Barren Leaves (1925) and Point Counter Point (1928) are works in a similar vein. Huxley's deep distrust of 20th-century trends in both politics and technology found expression in Brave New World (1932), a nightmarish vision of a future society in which psychological conditioning forms the basis for a scientifically determined and immutable caste system. The novel Eyeless in Gaza (1936) continues to shoot barbs at the emptiness and aimlessness experienced in contemporary society, but it also shows Huxley's growing interest in Hindu philosophy and mysticism as a viable alternative. Many of his subsequent works reflect this preoccupation, notably The Perennial Philosophy (1946).

Huxley's most important later works are The Devils of Loudun (1952), a brilliantly detailed psychological study of a historical incident in which a group of 17th-century French nuns were allegedly the victims of demonic possession; and The Doors of Perception (1954), a book about Huxley's experiences with the hallucinogenic drug mescaline.

Çä½½¸® [Aldous (Leonard) Huxley]. 1894. 7. 26 À×±Û·£µå ¼­¸® °íµé¹Ö~1963. 11. 22 ·Î½º¾ØÁ©·¹½º. ¿µ±¹ÀÇ ¼Ò¼³°¡¡¤ºñÆò°¡.

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Çä½½¸®´Â ¡´Å©·Ò ¿»·Î Crome Yellow¡µ(1921)¡¤¡´¾î¸´±¤´ë Ãã Antic Hay¡µ(1923)À̶ó´Â 2±ÇÀÇ ¼Ò¼³·Î ÀÛ°¡·Î¼­ÀÇ À§Ä¡¸¦ È®¸³Çߴµ¥, ÀÌ ¼Ò¼³µéÀº ´ç½Ã ¿µ±¹ÀÇ ¹®Àΰú Áö½ÄÃþÀÇ Çã½ÄÀ» ½Å¶öÇÏ°íµµ ÀçÄ¡ ÀÖ°Ô ºñ²¿°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¡´ÇÏÂúÀº À̾߱â Those Barren Leaves¡µ(1925)¡¤¡´¿¬¾Ö ´ëÀ§¹ý Point Counter Point¡µ(1928)µµ °°Àº Á¾·ùÀÇ ÀÛǰµéÀÌ´Ù. 20¼¼±âÀÇ Á¤Ä¡¿Í °úÇбâ¼ú¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Çä½½¸®ÀÇ ±íÀº ºÒ½Å°¨Àº ¡´¸ÚÁø ½Å¼¼°è Brave New World¡µ(1932)¿¡ Àß µå·¯³ª Àִµ¥ ÀÌ ÀÛǰ¿¡´Â °úÇй®¸í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸Í¸ñÀûÀÎ ½Å·Ú¿¡ ¹ÙÅÁÀ» µÐ º¯ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ½ÅºÐÁ¦µµ¸¦ Áö´Ñ ¾Ç¸ù °°Àº ¹Ì·¡ »çȸÀÇ ¸ð½ÀÀÌ Ç¥ÇöµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ¼Ò¼³ ¡´°¡ÀÚ¿¡¼­ ´«ÀÌ ¸Ö¾î Eyeless in Gazza¡µ(1936)¿¡¼­µµ ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ´ç½Ã »çȸÀÇ °øÇãÇÔ°ú ¹«¸ñÀû¼ºÀ» ½Å¶öÇÏ°Ô ºñÆÇÇϰí ÀÖÀ¸³ª ÀÌ ÀÛǰ¿¡¼­´Â »ì¾Æ ³²±â À§ÇÑ ¹æÆíÀ¸·Î ¼±ÅÃÇÑ ÈùµÎ öÇаú ½ÅºñÁÖÀÇ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±×ÀÇ °ü½ÉÀ» º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. ƯÈ÷ ¡´¿µ¿øÀÇ Ã¶ÇÐ Perennial Philosophy¡µ(1946)À» ºñ·ÔÇÑ ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ±×ÀÇ ÀÛǰµéÀÌ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ±×ÀÇ °æÇâÀ» µå·¯³»°í ÀÖ´Ù.

Çä½½¸®ÀÇ Èıâ ÀÛǰ Áß¿¡¼­ ¡´·ç´çÀÇ ¾Ç¸¶ The Devils of Loudun¡µ(1952)°¡ °¡Àå Áß¿äÇѵ¥, ÀÌ ÀÛǰÀº 17¼¼±â ÇÁ¶û½º¿¡¼­ ¼ö³àµéÀÌ ¾Ç·É¿¡ »ç·ÎÀâÇô Èñ»ýµÇ´Â »ç°ÇÀ» ÆÄÇìÄ£ ¿ª»ç½É¸®¼Ò¼³ÀÌ´Ù. ¡´ÀνÄÀÇ ¹® The Doors of Perception¡µ(1954)Àº ±×ÀÇ È¯°¢Á¦ º¹¿ë °æÇèÀ» ´Ù·é Ã¥ÀÌ´Ù.

Major Works

MAJOR WORKS. The Defeat of Youth (1918); Limbo (1920); Crome Yellow (1921); Antic Hay (1923); Jesting Pilate (1926); Point Counter Point (1928); Brave New World (1932); Eyeless in Gaza (1936); Grey Eminence (1941); The Perennial Philosophy (1946); Ape and Essence (1949); The Doors of Perception (1954); Collected Essays (1958); Literature and Science (1963).

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

Ronald W. Clark, The Huxleys (1968), and Sybille Bedford, Aldous Huxley: A Biography (1974).

¸ÚÁø ½Å¼¼°è : A. Çä½½¸®, ¾ÈÁ¤È¿ ¿ª, ¿øÀ½ÃâÆÇ»ç, 1984

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