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Huxley, Aldous
(Leonard) (b. July 26, 1894, Godalming, Surrey,
Eng.--d. Nov. 22, 1963, Los Angeles), English novelist and critic gifted
with an acute and far-ranging intelligence. His works were notable for their
elegance, wit, and pessimistic satire.
Aldous Huxley was a grandson of the
prominent biologist T.H. Huxley and was the third child of the biographer
and man of letters Leonard Huxley. He was educated at Eton, during which
time he became partially blind owing to keratitis. He retained enough
eyesight to read with difficulty, and he graduated from Balliol College,
Oxford, in 1916. He published his first book in 1916 and worked on the
periodical Athenaeum from 1919 to
1921. Thereafter he devoted himself largely to his own writing and spent
much of his time in Italy until the late 1930s, when he settled in
California.
Huxley established himself as a
major author in his first two published novels, Crome
Yellow (1921) and Antic Hay (1923);
these are witty and malicious satires on the pretensions of the English
literary and intellectual coteries of his day. Those Barren Leaves (1925) and Point
Counter Point (1928) are works in a similar vein. Huxley's deep distrust
of 20th-century trends in both politics and technology found expression in Brave
New World (1932), a nightmarish vision of a future society in
which psychological conditioning forms the basis for a scientifically
determined and immutable caste system. The novel Eyeless
in Gaza (1936) continues to shoot barbs at the emptiness and
aimlessness experienced in contemporary society, but it also shows Huxley's
growing interest in Hindu philosophy and mysticism as a viable alternative.
Many of his subsequent works reflect this preoccupation, notably The
Perennial Philosophy (1946).
Huxley's most important later works
are The Devils of Loudun (1952), a
brilliantly detailed psychological study of a historical incident in which a
group of 17th-century French nuns were allegedly the victims of demonic
possession; and The Doors of
Perception (1954), a book about Huxley's experiences with the
hallucinogenic drug mescaline. |
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Major Works
MAJOR WORKS. The Defeat of Youth (1918); Limbo
(1920); Crome Yellow (1921); Antic
Hay (1923); Jesting Pilate (1926); Point
Counter Point (1928); Brave New
World (1932); Eyeless in Gaza (1936);
Grey Eminence (1941); The
Perennial Philosophy (1946); Ape
and Essence (1949); The Doors of
Perception (1954); Collected
Essays (1958); Literature and
Science (1963).
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
Ronald W. Clark, The Huxleys (1968), and Sybille Bedford, Aldous Huxley: A Biography (1974).
¸ÚÁø ½Å¼¼°è : A. Çä½½¸®,
¾ÈÁ¤È¿ ¿ª, ¿øÀ½ÃâÆÇ»ç, 1984 |