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Kotoku Shusui
(b. Nov. 4, 1871, Nakamura, Kochi Prefecture, Japan--d. Jan. 24,
1911, Tokyo), Socialist leader, one of the first proponents of radical
political action in Japan. His execution resulted in the temporary abatement
of the growing Socialist movement in Japan.
Of relatively humble origin, Kotoku
started work as a houseboy in the Tokyo home of Hayashi Yuzo,
one of the most famous liberal politicians of his day. He obtained an
education and in 1893 became a newspaper writer. One of the earliest
advocates of Socialism in Japan, Kotoku helped organize the Social
Democratic Party in 1901. The party was immediately banned by the
government, however, and Kotoku, together with Sakai Toshihiko, then
began his own newspaper, the Heimin
shimbun ("Commoner's Newspaper"). After it opposed the
Russo-Japanese War (1904-05), the paper was closed and Kotoku was
imprisoned. Released after five months, he toured the United States, where
he was impressed by the direct action policies of a radical U.S. labour
group, the "Wobblies" (Industrial Workers of the World).
Returning to Japan, he denounced
parliamentary politics and began to organize workers for radical activities.
This movement was crushed, however, when in 1910 hundreds were arrested on
charges of being involved in a plot to assassinate the Emperor. Although Kotoku
had withdrawn from the conspiracy, and at the end only four men were shown
to be actually involved, Kotoku was included among the 11 who were
imprisoned and subsequently executed. The backlash resulting from the plot
ended the Socialist movement as a major force in Japan for almost a decade.
Kotoku spent the last months of his life writing articles denouncing
Christianity. |
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