Ssu Shu
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| Ssu shu
(Chinese: "Four Books"), Pinyin SI SHU, four ancient Confucian
texts that were used as official subject matter for civil service
examinations in China from 1313 to 1905 and usually serve to introduce
Chinese students to Confucian literature. Students later turn to the more
extensive and, generally speaking, more difficult Wu Ching (Five
Classics). |
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The publication of these four texts as a unit in 1190 with commentaries
by Chu Hsi, a great Neo-Confucian philosopher, helped to revitalize
Confucianism in China. From 1415 onward knowledge of Chu's (and like-minded)
commentaries was as indispensable to success in civil service examinations
as the texts themselves.
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1190³â Áß±¹¿¡ À¯±³¸¦ ºÎÈï½ÃŲ ´ë¼º¸®ÇÐÀÚ ÁÖÈñ(ñ¹ýø)°¡
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Even with its commentaries, the Ssu shu is a modest volume, the
four parts of which have no consistent order. The first, Ta
hsueh (q.v.), is a
short ethico-political treatise linking humane government with the personal
integrity of rulers. The second, Chung yung
(q.v.), is somewhat longer than Ta
hsueh and more abstract than the other three books. It speaks
of such things as the Way of Heaven, motion, spiritual beings, and religious
sacrifices. For each of these two books (both direct excerpts from Li
chi, one of the Five Classics), Chu Hsi wrote an individual preface. The
third book, Lun yu
(q.v.), reputedly contains direct quotations from the
ancient sage Confucius (551-479 BC) as recorded by his disciples, especially
Tseng-tzu (q.v.). It is
considered the most reliable source of the Master's teachings. Mencius
(q.v.), the fourth and longest of the Ssu shu,
contains the teachings of Mencius
(371-289 BC), the most revered of all Confucian scholars. (see also Index:
"Chung yung," , "Lun
yu," )
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Âü°í¹®Çå (»ç¼)
- »ç¼ÀÚÀüÁý¼º :, °æÀι®È»ç, 1988(¿µÀÎÆÇ)
- »ç¼µ¶º» :, »çºù¿µ ¿Ü Æí¿ª, °æÀι®È»ç, 1986(¿µÀÎÆÇ)
- »ç¼¿À°æ Àü13±Ç : Á¤Èñ±¹ ¿Ü Æí, Çѱ¹±³À°ÃâÆÇ°ø»ç,
1985
- »ç¼°µ¶ : ÃÖ¿°·Ä ÆíÀú, ±³¹®»ç, 1984
- ´ëÇС¤Áß¿ë : ÀÚ»ç ¿Ü, ±èÇÐÁÖ ¿ª, ¸í¹®´ç, 1984
- ¸ÍÀÚ : ¸ÍÀÚ, Àå±â±Ù ¿ªÁÖ, Æò¹ü»ç, 1976
- ³í¾î(½Å¿ª»ç¼ 2) : °øÀÚ, ¾Èº´ÁÖ ¿Ü ¿ª, Çö¾Ï»ç, 1965
- ¸ÍÀÚ : ¸ÍÀÚ, Â÷ÁÖȯ ¿ª, À»À¯¹®È»ç, 1964
- ³í¾î : °øÀÚ, Â÷ÁÖȯ ¿ª, À»À¯¹®È»ç, 1964
- ÞÌßößãìÚ : ßµÙÊÊÇíú øº, ×üô¹ßöïÁ, 1971(ÜÖʾ÷ú)
- The Chinese Classics : James Legge (ed., trans.), Hong Kong
Univ. Press, 1960
- Les Quatre Livres : K'ung-tzu (et al.), Séraphin
Couvreur(éd.¡¤trans.), Cathasia, 1949
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