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Àü¿øÀÇ
½Åµé
(The Rural Deities) |

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BULFINCH'S MYTHOLOGY
THE AGE OF FABLE
OR STORIES OF GODS AND HEROES
by Thomas Bulfinch
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CHAPTER XXII
THE RURAL DEITIES
ERISICHTHON
RHOECUS
THE WATER DEITIES
THE CAMENAE
THE WINDS
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¹°ÀÇ ½Åµé
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THE RURAL DEITIES
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ï£ê®ÀÇ ãêµé
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PAN,
the god of woods and fields, of flocks and shepherds,
dwelt in grottos, wandered on the mountains and in
valleys, and amused himself with the chase or in leading
the dances of the nymphs. He was fond of music, and was,
as we have seen, the inventor of the
syrinx, or shepherd's pipe, which he himself played in
a masterly manner. Pan, like other gods who dwelt in
forests, was dreaded by those whose occupations caused
them to pass through the woods by night, for the gloom and
loneliness of such scenes dispose the mind to
superstitious fears. Hence sudden fright without any
visible cause was ascribed to Pan, and called a
Panic terror.
As the name of the god signifies all, Pan came to be
considered a symbol of the universe and personification of
Nature; and later still to be regarded as a representative
of all the gods and of heathenism itself.
[Also see:
The Great God Pan]
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ÆÇÀº »ï¸²°ú µéÀÇ ½ÅÀ̱⵵ ÇÏ°í ¶Ç ¾ç¶¼³ª ¾çÄ¡±âÀÇ ½ÅÀ¸·Î¼ ÀÛÀº µ¿±¼ ¼Ó¿¡ »ì¸ç »êÀ̳ª °è°îÀ» ¹æÈ²ÇÏ°í ¼ö·ÆÀ» Çϰųª ´ÔÆäµéÀÇ ¹«¿ëÀ» ÁöµµÇÏ´Â ÀÏÀ» Áñ±â°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×´Â À½¾ÇÀ» ÁÁ¾ÆÇϰí Àü¿¡µµ ¸»ÇÑ ¹Ù¿Í °°ÀÌ ½¬¸µÅ©½º¶ó´Â ¾çÄ¡±âÀÇ Ç®ÇǸ®¸¦ ¹ß¸íÇÑ ÀÚÀ̸ç, ±× ÀڽбװÍÀ» Àß ºÒ¾ú´Ù.
ÆÇÀº ½£¼ÓÀ» Åë°úÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ¾ÈµÉ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ µÎ·Á¿öÇß´Ù. ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ±×·± Àå¼ÒÀÇ ¾îµÒ°ú Àû¸·Àº »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¸¶À½À¸·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý ¹Ì½ÅÀûÀÎ °øÆ÷¸¦ ´À³¢°Ô Çϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. À̷κÎÅÍ ¾Æ¹«·± ¸í¹éÇÑ ¿øÀÎ ¾ø´Â °©ÀÛ½º·± °øÆ÷´Â ÆÇÀÌ ±× ¿øÀÎÀ̶ó »ý°¢µÇ¾î, <ÆÇÀÇ °øÆ÷>¶ó°í ºÎ¸¥´Ù.
ÀÌ ½ÅÀÇ À̸§ÀÎ ÆÇÀº <¸ðµç>À̶ó´Â ¶æÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ÆÇÀº ¿ìÁÖÀÇ »ó¡, ÀÚ¿¬ÀÇ ±ÇÈ(±ÇÈ)·Î »ý°¢µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×¸®°í ´õ Èļ¼¿¡ °¡¼´Â ¸ðµç ½Å°ú À̱³(À̱³) ÀÚüÀÇ ´ëÇ¥·Î »ý°¢ÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù.
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Sylvanus and Faunus were Latin divinities, whose
characteristics are so nearly the same as those of Pan
that we may safely consider them as the same personage
under different names. The wood-nymphs, Pan's partners in the dance, were but one
class of nymphs.
There were besides them the Naiads,
who presided over brooks and fountains, the Oreads, nymphs
of mountains and grottos, and the Nereids,
sea-nymphs. |
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½¯¹Ù´©½º¿Í ÆÄ¿ì´©½º´Â ·Î¸¶ÀÇ ½ÅÀ̾ú´Âµ¥, ±×µéÀÇ ¼º°ÝÀº ÆÇÀÇ ±×°Í°ú Èí»çÇßÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¿ì¸®´Â ±×µéÀ» µ¿ÀϽÅÀÇ À̸í(À̸í)À̶ó°í º¸¾Æµµ ¹«°üÇÏ´Ù.
½£¿¡ »ç´Â ´ÔÆäµéÀº ÆÇÀÇ Ãã »ó´ëÀÚÀε¥, À̰ÍÀ¸ ´ÔÆäµé ÁßÀÇ ÀϺο¡ ºÒ°úÇß´Ù. ±×¹Û¿¡ ½Ã³»¿Í »ùÀ» Áö¹èÇÏ´Â ³ªÀ̾ƽº¶ó´Â ´ÔÆäµé°ú, »ê°ú µ¿±¼ÀÇ ´ÔÆäÀÎ ¿À·¹À̾ƽº¿Í ¹Ù´ÙÀÇ ´ÔÆäÀÎ ³×·¹À̽º°¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. |
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The three last named were immortal, but the
wood-nymphs, called Dryads
or Hamadryads, were believed to perish with the trees
which had been their abode and with which they had come
into existence. It was therefore an impious act wantonly
to destroy a tree, and in some aggravated cases was
severely punished, as in the instance of Erisichthon,
which we are about to record. |
ÀÌ ¼¼ Á¾·ùÀÇ ´ÔÆäµéÀº ºÒ»ç(ºÒ»ç)¿´À¸³ª, µå¸®¾Æ½º´Ï ȤÀº Çϸ¶µå¸®¾Æ½º¶ó°í ºÎ¸£´Â ½£ÀÇ ´ÔÆäµéÀº ±×³àµéÀÇ °ÅÁÖó°¡ µÇ°í ¶Ç ±×³àµé°ú µ¿½Ã¿¡ Ãâ»ýÇÑ ¼ö¸ñÀÌ Á×À¸¸é ±×³àµéµµ µû¶ó¼ Á×´Â´Ù°í ¹Ï¾ú´Ù. µû¶ó¼ ¼ö¸ñÀ» ÇԺηΠº£´Â °ÍÀº °æ°ÇÄ¡ ¸øÇÑ ÇàÀ§¿¡ ¼ÓÇßÀ¸¸ç ±Ø´ÜÀûÀÎ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ¾ö¹úÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ¿ì¸®°¡ ´ÙÀ½¿¡ À̾߱âÇÏ·Á°í ÇÏ´Â ¿¡¸®½ÄÅæÀÇ °æ¿ì°¡ ¹Ù·Î ±× ÇÑ ¿¹´Ù. |
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Milton
in his glowing description of the early creation, thus
alludes to Pan as the personification of Nature:
"...Universal Pan,
Knit with the Graces and the Hours in dance,
Led on the eternal spring."
And describing Eve's abode:
"...In shadier bower,
More sacred or sequestered, though but feigned,
Pan or Sylvanus never slept, nor nymph
Nor Faunus haunted."
(Paradise
Lost, B. IV.) |
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It was a pleasing trait in the old Paganism that it loved
to trace in every operation of nature the agency of deity.
The imagination of the Greeks peopled all the regions of
earth and sea with divinities, to whose agency it
attributed those phenomena which our philosophy ascribes
to the operation of the laws of nature. Sometimes in our
poetical moods we feel disposed to regret the change, and
to think that the heart has lost as much as the head has
gained by the substitution. |
ÀÚ¿¬ÀÇ ¸ðµç »ç°ÇÀ» Áñ°Ü ½ÅÀÇ ¼ÒÀ§(¼ÒÀ§)·Î º¸´Â °ÍÀÌ °í´ë À̱³(À̱³)ÀÇ Àç¹ÌÀִ Ư¡À̾ú´Ù. ±×¸®½ºÀÎÀÇ »ó»ó·ÂÀº À°Áö¿Í ¹Ù´ÙÀÇ ¸ðµç Áö¿ª¿¡ ½ÅµéÀ» °ÅÁÖÄÉ ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ¿À´Ã³¯ÀÇ Ã¶ÇÐÀÌ ÀÚ¿¬ ¹ýÄ¢ÀÇ ÀÛ¿ëÀ̶ó°í »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç Çö»óÀ» ½ÅµéÀÇ ÀÛ¿ëÀ̶ó°í »ý°¢Çß´Ù. ¶§·Î ½ÃÀû ±âºÐ¿¡ Àá°Ü ÀÖÀ» ¶§´Â ¿ì¸®´Â ÀÌ·¸°Ô º¯ÈÇÑ °ÍÀ» À¯°¨À¸·Î ¿©±â°í, ÀÌ º¯È¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ À̼ºÀÌ ¾òÀº °Í¸¸Å ¸¶À½À» »ó½ÇÇß´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÒ ¶§°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. |
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The poet Wordsworth
thus strongly expresses this sentiment:
"...Great God, I'd rather be
A Pagan, suckled in a creed outworn,
So might I, standing on this pleasant lea,
Have glimpses that would make me less forlorn;
Have sight of Proteus rising from the sea
And hear old Triton blow his wreathed horn."
Schiller,
in his poem "Die Gotter Griechenlands,"
expresses his regret for the overthrow of the beautiful
mythology of ancient times in a way which has called forth
an answer from a Christian poet, Mrs.
E. Barrett Browning, in her poem called "The Dead
Pan." The two following verses are a specimen:
"By your beauty which confesses
Some chief Beauty conquering you,
By our grand heroic guesses
Through your falsehood at the True,
We will weep not! earth shall roll
Heir to each god's aureole,
And Pan is dead.
"Earth outgrows the mythic fancies
Sung beside her in her youth;
And those debonaire romances
Sound but dull beside the truth.
Phoebus' chariot course is run!
Look up, poets, to the sun!
Pan, Pan is dead."
These lines are founded on an early Christian tradition
that when the heavenly host told the shepherds at
Bethlehem of the birth of Christ, a deep groan, heard
through all the isles of Greece, told that the great Pan
was dead, and that all the royalty of Olympus was
dethroned and the several deities were sent wandering in
cold and darkness. So Milton
in his "Hymn
on the Nativity":
"The lonely mountains o'er
And the resounding shore,
A voice of weeping heard and loud lament;
From haunted spring and dale,
Edged with poplar pale,
The parting Genius is with sighing sent:
With flower-enwoven tresses torn,
The nymphs in twilight shade of tangled thickets
mourn." |
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ERISICHTHON
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Erisichthon
was a profane person and a despiser of the gods, On one
occasion he presumed to violate with the axe a grove
sacred to Ceres (Demeter).
There stood in this grove a venerable oak, so large that
it seemed a wood in itself, its ancient trunk towering
aloft, whereon votive garlands were often hung and
inscriptions carved expressing the gratitude of suppliants
to the nymph of the tree. Often had the Dryads danced
round it hand in hand. Its trunk measured fifteen cubits
round, and it overtopped the other trees as they
overtopped the shrubbery. But for all that, Erisichthon
saw no reason why he should spare it and he ordered his
servants to cut it down. When he saw them hesitate he
snatched an axe from one, and thus impiously exclaimed:
"I care not whether it be a tree beloved of the
goddess or not; were it the goddess herself it should come
down if it stood in my way." So saying, he lifted the
axe and the oak seemed to shudder and utter a groan. When
the first blow fell upon the trunk blood flowed from the
wound. All the bystanders were horror-struck, and one of
them ventured to remonstrate and hold back the fatal axe. |
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¿¡¸®½ÄÅæÀº ºÒ°æÇÑ Àڷμ ½ÅµéÀ» °æ¸êÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¾î´À ¶©°¡ ±×´Â ´ë´ãÇϰԵµ ÄÉ·¹½º¿¡°Ô ¹ÙÃÄÁø ½£À» µµ³¢·Î ³²¹úÇß´Ù. ÀÌ ½£¼Ó¿¡´Â Âü³ª¹«°¡ ÇÑ ±×·ç ¼ ÀÖ¾ú´Âµ¥, ¾îÂ Å«Áö ±× ÇÑ ±×·ç°¡ ½£Ã³·³ º¸¿´´Ù. ¿À·¡µÈ ±× ÁÙ±â´Â ³ôÀÌ ¼Ú¾Æ ±× À§¿¡´Â ºÀÇåµÈ ²É´Ù¹ßÀÌ Á¾Á¾ °É·Á ÀÖ¾ú°í, ¶Ç ±× ³ª¹«ÀÇ ´ÔÆä¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ±â¿øÀÚ(±â¿øÀÚ)µéÀÇ »çÀÇ(»çÀÇ)¸¦ Ç¥½ÃÇÏ´Â ¸í°¢ÀÌ ¾Æ·Î»õ°ÜÁ® ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
½£ÀÇ ´ÔÆä Çϸ¶µå¸®¾Æ½ºµéÀº ¼Õ¿¡ ¼ÕÀ» Àâ°í ±× ÁÖÀ§¿¡¼ Á¾Á¾ ÃãÀ» Ãß¾ú´Ù. ±× ³ª¹«ÀÇ µÑ·¹´Â 15Å¥¿ìÇÍÀ̳ª µÇ°í °ü¸ñ À§¿¡ ¼Ú¾Æ ÀÖ´Â ´Ù¸¥ ³ª¹«ÀÇ À§¿¡ ¼Ú¾Æ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×·³¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í ¿¡¸®½ÄÅæÀº ²À ±× ³ª¹«¸¸À» º£¾î¼´Â ¾ÈµÉ ¾Æ¹«·± ÀÌÀ¯µµ ¾ø´Ù ÇÏ¿©, ÇÏÀε鿡°Ô º£µµ·Ï ¸í·ÉÇß´Ù. ±×µéÀÌ ÁÖÀúÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» º¸ÀÚ, ±×´Â ±×µé Áß ÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¼ÕÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ µµ³¢¸¦ »©¾ÑÀ¸¸ç ºÒ°æ½º·´°Ô ¼Ò¸®ÃÆ´Ù. "¿©½ÅÀÇ ÃѾÖÇÏ´ø ³ª¹«Àº ´Ù´Ïµç »ó°ü¾ø´Ù. ¼³·É ¿©½ÅÀ̶ó ÇÒÁö¶óµµ ³» ±æÀ» ¸·´Â´Ù¸é º£¾î ¹ö¸®°Ú´Ù."
±×´Â µµ³¢¸¦ µé¾ú´Ù. Âü³ª¹«´Â ¸öÀ» ¶³°í ½ÅÀ½¼Ò¸®¸¦ ³»´Â °Í °°¾Ò´Ù. ÃÖÃÊÀÇ ÀϰÝÀÌ ³ª¹«Áٱ⿡ °¡ÇØÁö´Ï »óó·ÎºÎÅÍ Çǰ¡ Èê·¯³»·È´Ù. º¸°í ÀÖ´ø »ç¶÷µéÀº °øÆ÷¿¡ ¶³¾ú´Ù. ±×Áß ÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¿ë±â¸¦ ³»¾î À§ÇèÇÑ µµ³¢ÁúÀ» ÁßÁöÇÒ °ÍÀ» °£¾ðÇß´Ù. |
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Erisichthon, with a scornful look, said to him,
"Receive the reward of your piety;" and turned
against him the weapon which he had held aside from the
tree, gashed his body with many wounds, and cut off his
head. Then from the midst of the oak came a voice, "I
who dwell in this tree am a nymph beloved of Ceres, and
dying by your hands forewarn you that punishment awaits
you." He desisted not from his crime, and at last the
tree, sundered by repeated blows and drawn by ropes, fell
with a crash and prostrated a great part of the grove in
its fall. |
¿¡¸®½ÄÅæÀº °æ¸êÇÏ´Â ´«Ãʸ®·Î ±×¸¦ ³ë·Áº¸¸ç,
"³ÊÀÇ ½Å½ÉÀÇ º¸¼ö¸¦ ¹Þ¾Æ¶ó."°í ¸»Çϸç, ³ª¹«¸¦ ÂïÀ¸·Á´ø µµ³¢¸¦ µ¹·Á ±×ÀÇ ¸ö¿¡ ¸¹Àº »óó¸¦ ³»°í, ±×ÀÇ ¸Ó¸®¸¦ º£¾ú´Ù.
Âü³ª¹« ¼Ó¿¡¼ ¼Ò¸®°¡ µé·Á¿Ô´Ù.
"ÀÌ ¼Ó¿¡ »ì°í ÀÖ´Â ³ª´Â ÄÉ·¹½ºÀÇ ÃѾָ¦ ¹Þ°í ÀÖ´Â ´ÔÆäÀÌ´Ù. Áö±Ý ³× ¼Õ¿¡ °É·Á Á×Áö¸¸ ²À º¹¼ö¸¦ ÇÒ ÅÍÀÌ´Ï ±×¸® ¾Ë¾Æ¶ó."
±×´Â ±×·¡µµ µµ³¢ÁúÀ» ¸ØÃßÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù ¸¶Ä§³» ³ª¹«´À ¿©·¯ ¹ø µµ³¢¿¡ ÂïÈ÷°í ÁÙ·Î ´ç°ÜÁ® ¿ä¶õÇÑ ¼Ò¸®¸¦ ³»¸ç ¾²·¯Á³´Ù. ½£ÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀÌ ±× ¹Ø¿¡ ±ò·Á °°ÀÌ ¾²·¯Á³´Ù. |
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The Dryads, in dismay at the loss of their companion and
at seeing the pride of the forest laid low, went in a body
to Ceres (Demeter),
all clad in garments of mourning, and invoked punishment
upon Erisichthon. She nodded her assent, and as she bowed her head the grain
ripe for harvest in the laden fields bowed also. She
planned a punishment so dire that one would pity him, if
such a culprit as he could be pitied- to deliver him over
to Famine. |
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Çϸ¶µå¸®¾Æ½ºµéÀº À°Ä£ÀÌ »ìÇØµÇ°í ½£ÀÇ ±àÁöÀ̱⵵ ÇÑ °Å¸ñÀÌ º£¾îÁø °ÍÀ» º¸°í´Â ³î¶ó ´Ù°°ÀÌ »óº¹À» ÀÔ°í ÄÉ·¹½º¿¡°Ô ¸ô·Á °¡¼ ¿¡¸®½ÄÅæ¿¡°Ô ¹úÀ» ³»·Á Áֽʻç°í °£Ã»ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¿©½ÅÀº ½Â³«ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±× Ç¥½Ã·Î ¸Ó¸®¸¦ ²ô´ö°Å·ÈÀ» ¶§, µéÆÇ¿¡ ÀÍÀº °î½Äµéµµ ¸Ó¸®¸¦ ¿òÁ÷¿´´Ù. ¿©½ÅÀº ±×¿Í °°Àº ÁËÀεµ µ¿Á¤À» ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¸é º¸´Â »ç¶÷À¸·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý µ¿Á¤ÀÇ ¸¶À½À» °®Áö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ¾øÀ» ¸¸Å ¹«¼¿î Çü¹÷À» ¿¡¸®½ÄÅæ¿¡°Ô ³»¸®·Á°í °èȹÇß´Ù. Áï, ±× Çü¹úÀ̶õ ´Ù¸§ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ±â¾Æ(±â¾Æ)ÀÇ ¿©½Å¿¡°Ô ±×¸¦ ÀεµÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. |
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As Ceres herself could not approach Famine, for
the Fates have ordained that these two goddesses shall
never come together, she called an Oread from her mountain
and spoke to her in these words: "There is a place in
the farthest part of ice-clad Scythia,
a sad and sterile region without trees and without crops.
Cold dwells there, and Fear and Shuddering, and Famine. Go
and tell the last to take possession of the bowels of
Erisichthon. Let not abundance subdue her, nor the power
of my gifts drive her away. Be not alarmed at the
distance" (for Famine dwells very far from Ceres),
"but take my chariot. The dragons are fleet and obey
the rein, and will take you through the air in a short
time." So she gave her the reins, and she drove away
and soon reached Scythia. On arriving at Mount Caucasus
she stopped the dragons and found Famine in a stony field,
pulling up with teeth and claws the scanty herbage. Her
hair was rough, her eyes sunk, her face pale, her lips
blanched, her jaws covered with dust, and her skin drawn
tight, so as to show all her bones. As the Oread saw her
afar off (for she did not dare to come near), she
delivered the commands of Ceres; and, though she stopped
as short a time as possible, and kept her distance as well
as she could, yet she began to feel hungry, and turned the
dragons' heads and drove back to Thessaly. |
ÄÉ·¹½º ÀÚ½ÅÀº ±â¾ÆÀÇ ¿©½Å¿¡°Ô Á¢±ÙÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø¾úÀ¸¹Ç·Î-¿î¸íÀÇ ½ÅÀÌ ±×µéÀÇ Á¢±ÙÀ» ±ÝÇ߱⠶§¹®¿¡-»êÀÇ ´ÔÆä ¿À·¹À̾ƽº¸¦ ºÒ·¯¼ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¸»Çß´Ù.
"´«ÀÌ µ¤ÀÎ ½ºÅ°Æ¼¾Æ¿¡¼ ¸Ö¸® ¶³¾îÁø ÇÑ Áö¹æÀÌ Àִµ¥, ±×°÷Àº ¼ö¸ñµµ ¾ø´Â Àû¸·ÇÑ ºÒ¸ðÀÇ °÷ÀÌ´Ù. ±×°÷¿¡´Â <Çѱâ(Çѱâ)>¡¤<°øÆ÷>¡¤<ÀüÀ²>¡¤<±â¾Æ>°¡ »ì°í ÀÖ´Ù. °¡¼ <±â¾Æ>¿¡°Ô ¾î¸®½ÄÅæÀÇ Ã¢ÀÚ¸¦ Á¡·ÉÇ϶ó°í ÀÏ·¯¶ó. ¾î¶°ÇÑ À¯È¤¿¡µµ ³Ñ¾î°¡Áö ¸»°í ²à²àÀÌ <±â¾Æ>ÀÇ ÁöÁ¶¸¦ Áö۶ó°í ÀÏ·¯¶ó. ¸Ö´Ù°í ³î¶óÁö ¸»¶ó-¸®¸ð½º[±â¾Æ]´Â ¾ÆÁÖ ¸Õ °÷¿¡ »ì°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù-³ªÀÇ ÀÌ·ûÂ÷¸¦ Ÿ°í °¡°Å¶ó. ±×°ÍÀ» ²ô´Â ¿ëµéÀº »¡¸® ´Þ¸®°í °í»ß¿¡ Àß º¹Á¾ÇϹǷÎ, °øÁßÀ» ³¯¾Æ Àá½Ã ÈÄ¸é ¸ñÀûÁö¿¡ µµÂøÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù."
ÄÉ·¹½º´Â °í»ß¸¦ ¿À·¹À̾ƽº¿¡°Ô ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ¿À·¹À̾ƽº´Â ÀÌ·ûÂ÷¸¦ ¸ô¾Æ¼ ¹Ù·Î½ºÅ°Æ¼¾Æ¿¡ µµÂøÇÏ¿´´Ù Ä«¿ìÄ«¼Ò½º »ê¿¡ µµÂøÇÏÀÚ, ¿ëÀ» ¸ØÃß¾ú´Ù. ±×¸®°í <±â¾Æ>°¡ ÀÌ»¡°ú ¹ßÅéÀ¸·Î µ¹ÀÌ ¸¹Àº µéÆÇ¿¡¼ ¾ó¸¶ ³²Áö ¾ÊÀº Ç®À» ¶â°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ» ¹ß°ßÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×³àÀÇ ¸Ó¸®Ä®Àº °ÅÄ¥°í, ´«Àº µé¾î°¡°í, ¾ó±¼°ú ÀÔ¼úÀºÃ¢¹éÇϰí ÅÎÀº ¸ÕÁö¿¡ µ¤¿© ÀÖ°í, ¸öÀº ¼ööÇÏ¿© ÇǰñÀÌ »óÁ¢ÇØ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¿À·¹À̾ƽº´Â ¸Ö¸®¼ ±×³à¸¦ ¹Ù¶óº¸¸é¼ °¨È÷ °¡±îÀÌ °¥ ¿ë±â°¡ ³ªÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ÄÉ·¹½ºÀÇ ¸í·ÉÀ» ÀüÇß´Ù. ¾ÆÁÖ Àá½Ã µ¿¾ÈÀÌ°í ¶Ç µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ´ë·Î ¸Ö¸® ¶³¾îÁ® ÀÖ¾úÀ¸³ª, ¿À·¹À̾ƽº´Â ±â¾Æ¸¦ ´À³¢±â ½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. ±×´Â ¿ëÀÇ ¸Ó¸®¸¦ µ¹·Á Åݻ츮¾Æ·Î µ¹¾Æ¿Ô´Ù. |
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Famine obeyed the commands of Ceres and sped through the
air to the dwelling of Erisichthon, entered the bedchamber
of the guilty man, and found him asleep. She enfolded him
with her wings and breathed herself into him, infusing her
poison into his veins. Having discharged her task, she
hastened to leave the land of plenty and returned to her
accustomed haunts. Erisichthon still slept, and in his
dreams craved food, and moved his jaws as if eating. When
he awoke, his hunger was raging. Without a moment's delay
he would have food set before him, of whatever kind earth,
sea, or air produces; and complained of hunger even while
he ate. What would have sufficed for a city or a nation,
was not enough for him. The more he ate the more he
craved. His hunger was like the sea, which receives all
the rivers, yet is never filled; or like fire, that burns
all the fuel that is heaped upon it, yet is still
voracious for more. |
¸®¸ð½º´Â ÄÉ·¹½ºÀÇ ¸»¿¡ µû¶ú´Ù. ±×¸®°í °øÁßÀ» ´Þ·Á¼ ¿¡¸®½ÄÅæÀÇ Áý¿¡ µµÂøÇÏÀÚ, ±× ÁËÀÎÀÇ Ä§½Ç·Î ¸ô·¡ µé¾î°¡¼ ±×°¡ ÀÚ°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ» ¹ß°ßÇß´Ù. ¿©½ÅÀº ±×¸¦ ÀÚ±âÀÇ ³¯°³·Î ½Î°í ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ±×ÀÇ ¸ö ¼Ó¿¡ ºÒ¾î³Ö°í ±×ÀÇ Ç÷°ü ¼Ó¿¡ µ¶À» ³Ö¾ú´Ù. ÀÓ¹«¸¦ ¸¶Ä£ µÚ¿¡ ±×³à´Â dz¿äÀÇ ³ª¶ó¸¦ ¶°³ª¼ ÀڱⰡ»ì´ø °÷À¸·Î µ¹¾Æ°¬´Ù. ¿¡¸®½ÄÅæÀº ±×¶§±îÁöµµ ÀáÀ» ÀÚ°í ÀÖ¾ú´Âµ¥ ²Þ¼Ó¿¡¼µµ ¸ÔÀ» °ÍÀ» ±¸ÇÏ°í ¹«¾ùÀ» ¸Ô°í ÀÖ´Â °Íó·³ ÅÎÀ» ¿òÁ÷À̰í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ÀáÀ» ±ú´Ï °ßµô ¼ö ¾øÀ» Á¤µµ·Î ¹è°¡ °íÆÍ´Ù. ¸¾´ë·Î ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¸é 1ºÐµµ Áöü¾øÀÌ Áö»ó¿¡¼ ³ª´Â °ÍÀÌµç ¹Ù´Ù¿¡¼ ³ª´Â °ÍÀ̵ç, °øÁß¿¡¼ ³ª´Â °ÍÀÌµç °£¿¡ ¹«¾ùÀ̵çÁö ¸ÔÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀº ½ÄŹ¿¡ °®´Ù ³õ°í ½Í¾ú´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¸ÔÀ¸¸é¼µµ ¹è°íÇÄÀ» ÇÑźÇß´Ù. ÇÑ µµ½Ã³ª ±¹¹ÎÀÌ ´Ù ¸Ô¾îµµ Á·ÇÑ °ÍÀε¥µµ ±×´Â ¸¸Á·Ä¡ ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ¸ÔÀ¸¸é ¸ÔÀ»¼ö·Ï ´õ ¸Ô°í ½Í¾ú´Ù. ±×ÀÇ ±â¾Æ´Â ¸ðµç ³Á¹°À» ¹Þ¾Æ »ïÄѵµ Â÷Áö ¾Ê´Â ¹Ù´Ù¿Í °°¾Ò´Ù. ȤÀº ¾Õ¿¡ ½×¿© ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç ¿¬·á¸¦ ´Ù Å¿ö ¹ö¸®°í´Â ´õ ޳»´Â ºÒ°úµµ °°¾Ò´Ù. |
|
His property rapidly diminished under the unceasing
demands of his appetite, but his hunger continued
unabated. At length he had spent all and had only his
daughter left, a daughter worthy of a better parent. Her
too he sold. She scorned to be a slave of a purchaser and
as she stood by the seaside raised her hands in prayer to
Neptune. He heard her prayer, and though her new master
was not far off and had his eye upon her a moment before,
Neptune (Poseidon)
changed her form and made her assume that of a fisherman
busy at his occupation. Her master, looking for her and
seeing her in her altered form, addressed her and said,
"Good fisherman, whither went the maiden whom I saw
just now, with hair dishevelled and in humble garb,
standing about where you stand? Tell me truly; so may your
luck be good and not a fish nibble at your hook and get
away." She perceived that her prayer was answered and
rejoiced inwardly at hearing herself inquired of about
herself. She replied, "Pardon me, stranger, but I
have been so intent upon my line that I have seen nothing
else; but I wish I may never catch another fish if I
believe any woman or other person except myself to have
been hereabouts for some time." He was deceived and
went his way, thinking his slave had escaped. Then she
resumed her own form. Her father was well pleased to find
her still with him, and the money too that he got by the
sale of her; so he sold her again. But she was changed by
the favour of Neptune as often as she was sold, now into a
horse, now a bird, now an ox, and now a stag- got away
from her purchasers and came home. By this base method the
starving father procured food; but not enough for his
wants, and at last hunger compelled him to devour his
limbs, and he strove to nourish his body by eating his
body, till death relieved him from the vengeance of Ceres. |
±×ÀÇ Àç»êÀº ²÷ÀÓ¾ø´Â ½Ä¿å ¶§¹®¿¡ °©ÀÛ½º·¹ ÁÙ¾îµé¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×ÀÇ ±â¾Æ´Â Á¶±Ýµµ °¨¼ÒµÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ¸¶Ä§³» ´Ù ÅÁÁøÇÏ°í µþ Çϳª¸¸ ³²¾Ò´Âµ¥, ±×³à´Â ±×·± ¾Æ¹öÁöÀÇ µþÀ̶ó°í´Â »ý°¢µÇÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¸¸Å ÈǸ¢Çß´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±× µþ¸¶Àú ÆÈ¾Æ¹ö·È´Ù. ±×³à´Â ³ë¿¹·Î ÆÈ¸®°Ô µÈ ÀÚ±âÀÇ ¿î¸í¿¡ ¼øÁ¾ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ÇØº¯¿¡ ¼¼ ¼ÕÀ» µé°í Æ÷¼¼À̵·¿¡°Ô ±âµµ¸¦ ¿Ã·È´Ù. Æ÷¼¼À̵·Àº ±×³àÀÇ ±âµµ¸¦ µé¾ú´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×³àÀÇ »õ ÁÖÀÎÀÌ °¡±îÀ̼ ±×³à¸¦ ÀÀ½ÃÇϰí Àִµ¥µµ ±×³àÀÇ ¸ð½ÀÀ» ¹Ù²ã ¿½ÉÈ÷ ÀÏÀ» Çϰí ÀÖ´Â ¾îºÎÀÇ ¸ð½ÀÀÌ µÇ°Ô ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×³àÀÇ ÁÖÀÎÀº ±×³à¸¦Ã£´Ù°¡ ¸ð¾çÀÌ º¯ÇÑ °ÍÀ» º¸°í¼ ¸»À» °É¾ú´Ù.
"¿©º¸½Ã¿À, ¾îºÎ, ¹æ±Ý±îÁö À̰÷¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú´ø ó³à´Â ¾îµð·Î °¬¼Ò? ¸Ó¸®Ä®Àº ÇëŬ¾îÁö°í Çã¼úÇÑ ¿ÊÀ» ÀÔ°í, ´ç½ÅÀÌ ¼ ÀÖ´Â ±Ùó¿¡ ¼ ÀÖ¾ú´Âµ¥? ¹Ù¸¥ ´ë·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁֽÿÀ. ±×·¡¾ß ¿î¼ö°¡ ÁÁ¾Æ °í±âµµ Àß ÀâÈ÷¸®´Ù."
ó³à´Â ÀÚ±âÀÇ ±â¿øÀÌ ¹Þ¾Æµé¿©Áø °ÍÀ» ¾Ë¾Ò°í, ±×¸®°í Àڱ⿡°Ô Àڱ⿡ °üÇÑ Áú¹®ÀÌ ¶³¾îÁø °ÍÀ» µè°í ³»½É ±â»µÇß´Ù. ó³à´Â ´ë´äÇß´Ù.
"¹Ì¾ÈÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ³ª´Â ÀÏ¿¡ ¿ÁßÇϰí ÀÖ¾ú±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ º¸Áö ¸øÇß½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ ¾ó¸¶ µ¿¾ÈÀº ³ª ¿Ü¿¡´Â ¿©ÀÚ°í ³²ÀÚ°í °£¿¡ ¾Æ¹«µµ À̰÷¿¡ ¾ø¾úÀ½À» ¸Í¼¼ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ³» ¸»ÀÌ °ÅÁþÀ̶ó¸é °í±â ÇÑ ¸¶¸® ÀâÈ÷Áö ¾Ê¾Æµµ ÁÁ½À´Ï´Ù."
ÁÖÀÎÀº ÀÌ ¸»À» °ðÀ̵è°í ±×ÀÇ ³ë¿¹°¡ µµ¸Á°£ ÁÙ ¾Ë°í ¶°³µ´Ù. ±×·¡¼ ±×³à´Â Àڱ⠸ð½ÀÀ¸·Î µÇµ¹¾Æ°¬´Ù. ºÎÄ£Àº, µþÀº ±×´ë·Î ÀÖ°í, µþÀ» ÆÇ µ·À» ¾òÀº °ÍÀ» ±â»µÇß´Ù. ±×·¡¼ ´Ù½Ã ¶Ç µþÀ» ÆÈ¾Ò´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×³à´Â ÆÈ¸± ¶§¸¶´Ù Æ÷¼¼À̵·ÀÇ È£ÀÇ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ º¯ÇüµÇ¾ú´Ù. ¸»ÀÌ µÇ±âµµ Çϰí, »õ°¡ µÇ±âµµ Çϰí, ¼Ò°¡ µÇ±âµµ Çϰí, »ç½¿ÀÌ µÇ±âµµ ÇÏ¿© ¸ÅµæÀڷκÎÅÍ ´Þ¾Æ³ª¼ ÁýÀ¸·Î µ¹¾Æ¿Ô´Ù. ÀÌ¿Í °°Àº ºñ¿ÇÑ ¹æ¹ý¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ±¾ÁÖ¸° ¾Æºñ´Â ¸ÔÀ» °ÍÀ» ¾ò¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×·¡µµ Çã±â¸¦ ¸éÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø¾î ¸¶Ä§³»´Â ÀÚ±âÀÇ »çÁö¸¦ ¸ÔÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ¾ø°Ô µÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ÀÚ±âÀÇ ¸öÀ» ¸ÔÀ½À¸·Î½á ÀÚ±âÀÇ ¸öÀ» ºÎ¾çÇÏ·Á°í ÇÏ¿´´Ù. Á×À½ÀÌ ÄÉ·¹½ºÀÇ º¹¼ö·ÎºÎÅÍ ±×¸¦ ÇØ¹æÇÒ ¶§±îÁö ±× °íÅëÀº °è¼ÓµÇ¾ú´Ù. |
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RHOECUS
|
·ÎÀÌÄÚ½º |
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The Hamadryads could appreciate services as well as punish
injuries. The story of Rhoecus proves this. Rhoecus,
happening to see an oak just ready to fall, ordered his
servants to prop it up. The nymph, who had been on the
point of perishing with the tree, came and expressed her
gratitude to him for having saved her life and bade him
ask what reward he would. Rhoecus boldly asked her love
and the nymph yielded to his desire. She at the same time
charged him to be constant and told him that a bee should
be her messenger and let him know when she would admit his
society. One time the bee came to Rhoecus when he was
playing at draughts and he carelessly brushed it away.
This so incensed the nymph that she deprived him of sight. |
Çϸ¶µå¸®¾Æ½ºµéÀº ÀÚ±âµé¿¡°Ô ÇØ¸¦ ³¢Ä£ ÀÚ¸¦ ¹úÇÏ´Â µ¿½Ã¿¡ ÀºÇý¿¡ º¸´äÇÒ ÁÙ ¾Ë¾Ò´Ù. ·ÎÀÌÄÚ½ºÀÇ ¾ê±â°¡ À̸¦ ÀÔÁõÇÑ´Ù. ·ÎÀÌÄÚ½º´Â ¿ì¿¬È÷ Âü³ª¹«°¡ ³Ñ¾îÁö·Á°í ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» º¸°í¼ ÇÏÀεéÀ» ½ÃÄÑ ¹öÆÀ¸ñÀ¸·Î ¹öƼ°Ô Çß´Ù. ³ª¹«°¡ ³Ñ¾îÁ® Á×À» »·ÇÏ°Ô µÆ´ø ´ÔÆä°¡ ¿Í¼ ¸ñ¼ûÀ» °ÇÁ® ÁØ µ¥ ´ëÇØ¼ ±×¿¡°Ô »çÀǸ¦ Ç¥Çϰí, ¹«¾ùÀÌµç ¼Ò¿øÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸é ¸»Ç϶ó°í Çß´Ù. ·ÎÀÌÄÚ½º´Â ´ë´ãÇÏ°Ô »ç¶ûÀ» ¿ä±¸Çß´õ´Ï ´ÔÆä´Â ½Â³«Çß´Ù. µ¿½Ã¿¡ ±×³à´Â ±×¿¡°Ô º¯ÇÔ¾ø±â¸¦ ºÎŹÇÏ¸ç ¹úÀÌ »çÀÚ(»çÀÚ)°¡ µÇ¾î ¸¸³ªµµ ÁÁÀ» ¶§¸¦ ¾Ë·Á ÁÙ °ÍÀ̶ó°í ¸»Çß´Ù. ¾î´À ¶§ ·ÎÀÌÄÚ½º°¡ Àå±â¸¦ µÎ°í ÀÖÀ» ¶§ ¹úÀÌ ¿Ô´Âµ¥, ±×´Â ±×°ÍÀ» ÂѾƹö·È´Ù. ´ÔÆä´Â ºÐ°ÝÇÏ¿© ·ÎÀÌÄÚ½º¸¦ Àå´ÔÀ¸·Î ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. |
|
Our countryman, J.
R. Lowell, has taken this story for the subject of one
of his shorter poems. He introduces it thus:
"Hear now this fairy legend of old Greece,
As full of freedom, youth and beauty still,
As the immortal freshness of that grace
Carved for all ages on some Attic frieze." |
¡¡ |
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THE WATER DEITIES
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¹°ÀÇ ãêµé
|
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Oceanus
and Tethys
were the Titans
who ruled over the watery elements. When Jove (Zeus) and
his brothers overthrew the Titans and assumed their power,
Neptune (Poseidon) and Amphitrite
succeeded to the dominion of the waters in place of
Oceanus and Tethys.
|
¿ÀÄɾƳ뽺¿Í Åׯ¼½º´Â ƼźÁ·À¸·Î¼ ¹°ÀÇ ¿µ¿ªÀ» Áö¹èÇϰí ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. Á¦¿ì½º¿Í ±×ÀÇ ÇüÁ¦µéÀÌ Æ¼ÅºÁ·À» Á¤º¹ÇÏ°í ±×µéÀÇ ±Ç·ÂÀ» Å»ÃëÇßÀ» ¶§, Æ÷¼¼À̵·°ú ¾ÏÇÇÆ®¸®Å×°¡ ¿ÀÄɾƳ뽺¿Í Åׯ¼½º¿¡ ´ë½ÅÇÏ¿© ¹°ÀÇ ÅëÄ¡±ÇÀ» Àΰè¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. |
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NEPTUNE
|
Æ÷¼¼À̵· |
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Neptune (Poseidon)
was the chief of the water deities. The symbol of his
power was the trident, or spear with three points, with
which he used to shatter rocks, to call forth or subdue
storms, to shake the shores and the like. He created the
horse and was the patron of horse races. His own horses
had brazen hoofs and golden manes. They drew his chariot
over the sea, which became smooth before him, while the
monsters of the deep gambolled about his path.
[see also: Poseidon
- Prehistoric Hellenes and the Sea]
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Æ÷¼¼À̵·Àº ¹°ÀÇ ½ÅµéÀÇ Áö¹èÀÚ¿´´Ù. ±×ÀÇ ±Ç·ÂÀÇ »ó¡Àº »ïÁöâ(»ïÁöâ)À̾ú´Âµ¥, ±×´Â À̰ÍÀ» °¡Áö°í ¾Ï¼®À» ºÐ¼âÇϱ⵵ Çß°í, ÆøÇ³¿ì¸¦ ºÒ·¯³»°Å³ª Áø¾ÐÇϱ⵵ Çß°í, ÇØ¾ÈÀ» Èçµé¾î ¿òÁ÷À̱⵵ Çß´Ù. ±×´Â ¸»[¸¶]À» âÁ¶Çß°í °æ¸¶ÀÇ ¼öÈ£½ÅÀ̱⵵ Çß´Ù. ±× ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ¸»µéÀº ³ò¼è ¸»±Á°ú ±Ýºû °¥±â¸¦ °¡Á³¾ú´Ù. ¸»µéÀº ±×ÀÌ ´« ¾Õ¿¡¼ ÆòźÇÏ°Ô µÇ°í ±«¹°µéÀº ±×°¡ Áö³ª°¡´Â ÁÖÀ§¿¡¼ ³¯¶Ù¸ç ³î¾Ò´Ù. |
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AMPHITRITE
|
¾ÏÇÇÆ®¸®Å×
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Amphitrite
was the wife of Neptune. She was the daughter of Nereus
and Doris, and the mother of Triton. Neptune, to pay his
court to Amphitrite, came riding on a dolphin. Having won
her he rewarded the dolphin by placing him among the
stars.
[see also: painting
by Nicolas Poussin: 40K]
|
¾ÏÇÇÆ®¸®Å×´Â Æ÷¼¼À̵·ÀÇ ¾Æ³»¿´´Ù. ±×³à´Â ³×·¹¿ì½º¿Í µµ¸®½ºÀÇ µþÀ̰í, Æ®¸®ÅæÀÇ ¾î¸Ó´Ï¿´´Ù. Æ÷¼¼À̵·Àº ¾ÏÇÇÆ®¸®Å׿¡°Ô ±¸È¥Çϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© µ¹°í·¡¸¦ Ÿ°í °¬´Ù. ±×³à¸¦ ¾òÀº µÚ¿¡ ±×´Â µ¹°í·¡¸¦ ¼ºÁÂµé »çÀÌ¿¡ ÀÖ°Ô ÇÏ¿© ÀºÇý¿¡ º¸´äÇß´Ù. |
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 |
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NEREUS AND DORIS
¡¡ |
³×·¹¿ì½º¿Í µµ¸®½º
|
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Nereus
and Doris
were the parents of the Nereids,
the most celebrated of whom were Amphitrite, Thetis,
the mother of Achilles, and Galatea,
who was loved by the Cyclops
Polyphemus. Nereus was distinguished for his knowledge and
his love of truth and justice, whence he was termed an
elder; the gift of prophecy was also assigned to him. |
³×·¹¿ì½º¿Í µµ¸®½º´Â ³×·¹À̵å¶ó°í ÀÏÄ´ ¹Ù´ÙÀÇ ´ÔÆäµéÀÌ ºÎ¸ð¿´´Ù. ³×·¹À̵å Áß¿¡´Â °¡Àå À¯¸íÇÑ °ÍÀº ¾ÏÇÇÆ®¸®Å×¿Í ¾ÆÅ³·¹¿ì½ºÀÇ ¾î¸Ó´ÏÀÎ Åׯ¼½º¿Í, ¿Ü´«¹ÚÀÌ °ÅÀÎÁ·ÀÇ ÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÎ Æú¸®Æä¸ð½º¿¡°Ô »ç¶ûÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò´ø °¥¶óÅ׾ƿ´´Ù. ³×·¹¿ì½º´Â Áö½ÄÀÌ ÀÖ°í Áø¸®¿Í Á¤ÀǸ¦ »ç¶ûÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î¼ À¯¸íÇß´Ù. ±×°¡ Àå·Î¶ó°í ºÒ¸°°Íµµ ±× ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ¶Ç ±×¿¡°Ô ¿¹¾ðÀÇ Èûµµ ºÎ¿©µÇ¾ú´Ù. |
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TRITON AND PROTEUS |
Æ®¸®Åæ°ú ÇÁ·ÎÅ׿콺 |
| Triton
was the son of Neptune and Amphitrite, and the poets made
him his father's trumpeter. Proteus
was also a son of Neptune. He, like Nereus,
is styled a sea-elder for his wisdom and knowledge of
future events. His peculiar power was that of changing his
shape at will. |
|
Æ®¸®ÅæÀº Æ÷¼¼À̵·°ú ¾ÏÇÇÆ®¸®Å×ÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀ̾ú´Ù. ±×¸®°í ½ÃÀεéÀº ±×¸¦ ±×ÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁöÀÇ ³ªÆÈ¼ö·Î ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÇÁ·ÎÅ׿콺µµ Æ÷¼¼À̵·ÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀ̾ú´Ù. ±×µµ ³×·¹¿ì½º¿Í °°ÀÌ ÁöÇý°¡ ÀÖ°í ¹Ì·¡»ç¸¦ ¾Ë¾Ò±â¿¡ ¹Ù´ÙÀÇ Àå·Î¶ó°í ºÒ·È´Ù. ±×ÀÇ Æ¯À¯ÇÑ ´É·ÂÀº Àڱ⠸ð½ÀÀ» ¸¶À½´ë·Î º¯Çü½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù.
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THETIS
|
Åׯ¼½º
|
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¡¡
Thetis,
the daughter of Nereus
and Doris,
was so beautiful that Jupiter himself sought her in
marriage; but having learned from Prometheus
the Titan that Thetis should bear a son who should be
greater than his father, Jupiter desisted from his suit
and decreed that Thetis should be the wife of a mortal. By
the aid of Chiron
the Centaur,
Peleus
succeeded in winning the goddess for his bride and their
son was the renowned Achilles.
In our chapter on the Trojan war it will appear that
Thetis was a faithful mother to him, aiding him in all
difficulties, and watching over his interests from the
first to the last. |
¡¡
Åׯ¼½º´Â Å×·¹¿ì½º¿Í µµ¸®½ºÀÇ µþÀ̾ú´Âµ¥, ´ë´ÜÈ÷ ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿ö Á¦¿ì½º°¡ ±¸È¥ÇßÀ» Á¤µµ¿´´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Á¦¿ì½º´Â °ÅÀÎÁ·ÀÇ ÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÎ ÇÁ·Î¸ÞÅ׿콺·ÎºÎÅÍ Åׯ¼½º°¡ ¾Æ¹öÁöº¸´Ùµµ À§´ëÇÑ ¾ÆµéÀ» ³ºÀ¸¸®¶ó´Â ¸»À» µè°í ±¸È¥À» ÁßÁöÇϰí Åׯ¼½º¸¦ Àΰ£ÀÇ ¾Æ³»°¡ µÇµµ·Ï Á¤Çß´Ù. ±×·¡¼ Åݻ츮¾ÆÀÇ ¿Õ Æç·¹¿ì½º°¡ ÄËŸ¿ì·Î½ºÀÇ ÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀΠŰ·ÐÀÇ µµ¿òÀ» ¹Þ¾Æ Åׯ¼½º¸¦ ½ÅºÎ·Î ¸Â´Â µ¥ ¼º°øÇß´Ù. ±×µéÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀÌ À¯¸íÇÑ ¾ÆÅ³·¹¿ì½º¿´´Ù. ÈÄ¿¡ Æ®·ÎÀÌ ÀüÀïÀ» ¾ê±âÇÒ ¶§ ¿ì¸®´Â Åׯ¼½º°¡ Ãæ½ÇÇÑ ¾î¸Ó´Ï·Î¼ ¾ÆµéÀ» ¸ðµç °ï¶õ¿¡¼ µ½°í ½ÃÁ¾¿©ÀÏÇÏ°Ô ¾ÆµéÀ» À§ÇØ Áø·ÂÇßÀ½À» º¼ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
|
LEUCOTHEA AND PALAEMON
|
·¹¿ìÄÚÅ×¾Æ¿Í ÆÈ¶óÀ̸ó
|
|
¡¡
Ino,
the daughter of Cadmus
and wife of Athamas, flying from her frantic husband with
her little son Melicertes in her arms, sprang from a cliff
into the sea. The gods, out of compassion, made her a
goddess of the sea, under the name of Leucothea, and him a
god, under that of Palaemon. Both were held powerful to
save from shipwreck and were invoked by sailors. Palaemon
was usually represented riding on a dolphin. The Isthmian
games were celebrated in his honour. He was called Portunus
by the Romans, and believed to have jurisdiction of the
ports and shores. |
À̳ë´Â Ä«µå¸ð½ºÀÇ µþÀÌ°í ¾ÆÅ¸¸¶½ºÀÇ ¾Æ³»¿´´Âµ¥, ³²ÆíÀÌ ¹ÌÄ¡ÀÚ ¾î¸° ¾Æµé ¸á¸®Äɸ£Å×½º¸¦ ÆÈ¿¡ ¾È°í µµ¸ÁÃÄ Àýº®À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¹Ù´Ù ¼ÓÀ¸·Î ¶Ù¾îµé¾î°¬´Ù. ½ÅµéÀº ºÒ½ÖÈ÷ ¿©°Ü ±×³à¸¦ ¹Ù´ÙÀÇ ¿©½ÅÀ¸·Î ¸¸µé¾î ·¹¿ìÄÚÅ׾ƶó´Â À̸§À» ºÎ¿©ÇßÀ¸¸ç, ¾ÆµéÀº ÆÈ¶óÀ̸óÀ̶ó´Â ½ÅÀÌ µÇ°Ô Çß´Ù. µÎ »ç¶÷ ¸ðµÎ ³ÆÄ¼±À» ±¸ÇÏ´Â ÈûÀ» °¡Áø °ÍÀ¸·Î »ý°¢µÇ¾î ¼±¿øµéÀÇ ±â¿øÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù.
ÆÈ¶óÀ̸óÀº º¸Åë µ¹°í·¡¸¦ Ÿ°í ÀÖ´Â ¸ð½ÀÀ¸·Î Ç¥ÇöµÇ¾ú´Ù. À̽ºÆ®¹Ì¾Æ °æ±â´Â ±×ÀÇ ¸í¿¹¸¦ À§Çؼ °ÅÇàµÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×´Â ·Î¸¶ »ç¶÷µé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Æ÷¸£Åõ´©½º¶ó°í ºÒ¸®°Ô µÇ¾ú°í, Ç×±¸¿Í ÇØ¾ÈÀ» Áö¹èÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î »ý°¢µÇ¾ú´Ù. |
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Milton
alludes to all these deities in the song at the conclusion
of "Comus":
"Sabrina fair...
Listen and appear to us,
In name of great Oceanus;
By the earth-shaking Neptune's mace,
And Tethys' grave, majestic pace;
By hoary Nereus' wrinkled look,
And the Carpathian wizard's hook,*
By scaly Triton's winding shell,
And old soothsaying Glaucus' spell,
By Leucothea's lovely hands,
And her son who rules the strands;
By Thetis' tinsel-slippered feet,
And the songs of Sirens sweet;" etc.
(* Proteus.)
Armstrong, the poet of the "Art of Preserving
Health," under the inspiration of Hygeia,
the goddess of health, thus celebrates the Naiads.
Paeon is a name both of Apollo and AEsculapius.
"Come ye Naiads! to the fountains lead!
Propitious maids! the task remains to sing
Your gifts (so Paeon, so the powers of Health
Command), to praise your crystal element.
O comfortable streams! with eager lips
And trembling hands the languid thirsty quaff
New life in you; fresh vigour fills their veins.
No warmer cups the rural ages knew,
None warmer sought the sires of humankind;
Happy in temperate peace their equal days
Felt not the alternate fits of feverish mirth
And sick dejection; still serene and pleased,
Blessed with divine immunity from ills,
Long centuries they lived; their only fate
Was ripe old age, and rather sleep than death." |
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THE CAMENAE
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Ä«¸Þ³ªÀÌ
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By this name the Latins designated the Muses,
but included under it also some other deities, principally
nymphs of fountains. Egeria
was one of them, whose fountain and grotto are still
shown. It was said that Numa, the second king of Rome, was
favoured by this nymph with secret interviews, in which
she taught him those lessons of wisdom and of law which he
embodied in the institutions of his rising nation. After
the death of Numa the nymph pined away and was changed
into a fountain.
[see also: The
Nymphaeum of Egeria] |
·Î¸¶ »ç¶÷µéÀº ¹«¿ì»ç ¿©½ÅµéÀ» Ä«¸Þ³ªÀ̶ó°í ºÒ·¶´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×µéÀº À̹ۿ¡ ´Ù¸¥ ½Åµé, ÁÖ·Î »ùÀÇ ´ÔÆäµéÀ» Ä«¸Þ³ªÀÌ¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔ½ÃÄ×´Ù. ¿¡°Ô¸®¾Æ´Â ±× ´ÔÆäµé ÁßÀÇ Çϳª·Î¼ ±×³àÀÇ »ù°ú µ¿±¼Àº ¾ÆÁ÷µµ ³²¾Æ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀüÇÏ´Â ¹Ù¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¸é ·Î¸¶ÀÇ µÑ°¹ø ¿ÕÀÎ ´©¸¶´Â ÀÌ ´ÔÆäÀÇ »ç¶ûÀ» ¹Þ°í Á¾Á¾ ¹Ðȸ¸¦ ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ±×¶§ ±×³à´Â ±×¿¡°Ô Áö½Ä°ú ¹ýÀ» °¡¸£ÃÄ ÁÖ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ±×´Â À̰ÍÀ» ±×ÀÇ ½ÅÈï±¹°¡ÀÇ ¿©·¯ Á¦µµ¿¡ ±¸ÇöÇß´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù. ´©¸¶°¡ Á×Àº ÈÄ¿¡ ±× ´ÔÆä´Â ³¯·Î ÆÄ¸®ÇØÁ®¼ »ùÀ¸·Î º¯ÇØ ¹ö·È´Ù. |
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Byron,
in "Childe Harold," Canto IV., thus alludes to
Egeria and her grotto:
"Here didst thou dwell, in this enchanted cover,
Egeria! all thy heavenly bosom beating
For the far footsteps of thy mortal lover;
The purple midnight veiled that mystic meeting
With her most starry canopy;" etc.
Tennyson,
also, in his "Palace
of Art," gives us a glimpse of the royal lover
expecting the interview:
"Holding one hand against his ear,
To list a footfall ere he saw
The wood-nymph, stayed the Tuscan king to hear
Of wisdom and of law." |
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THE WINDS
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¹Ù¶÷ÀÇ ãêµé
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When so many less active agencies were personified, it is
not to be supposed that the winds failed to be so. They
were Boreas
or Aquilo, the north wind; Zephyrus
or Favonius, the west; Notus
or Auster, the south; and Eurus,
the east. The first two have been chiefly celebrated by the
poets, the former as the type of rudeness, the latter of
gentleness. Boreas loved the nymph Orithyia, and tried to
play the lover's part, but met with poor success. It was
hard for him to breathe gently, and sighing was out of the
question. Weary at last of fruitless endeavours, he acted
out his true character, seized the maiden and carried her
off. Their children were Zetes
and Calais, winged warriors, who accompanied the Argonautic
expedition, and did good service in an encounter with
those monstrous birds the Harpies. |
´ë´ÜÄ¡ ¾ÊÀº ÀÛ¿ëÀ» ÇÏ´Â °Íµéµµ ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¸¹ÀÌ ÀΰÝȵǾúÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¹Ù¶÷µµ ±×·¯ÇÏ¿´À¸¸®¶ó´Â °ÍÀº ½±°Ô »ó»óÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. º¸·¹¾Æ½º´Ï ȤÀº ¾ÆÅ³·Î´Ï ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ºÏdzÀÌ¿ä, Á¦Ç¶·Î½º´Ï ȤÀº ÆÄº¸´Ï¿ì½º´Ï ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¼Ç³ÀÌ´Ù. ³ëÆ®½º´Ï ȤÀº ¾Æ¿ì½ºÅ׸£´Ï ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ³²Ç³À̰í, ¿¡¿ì·Î½º´Â µ¿Ç³ÀÌ´Ù.
½ÃÀεéÀÌ À¼´Â °ÍÀº ÁÖ·Î ¾ÕÀÇ °Í µÑ·Î¼, ±×Áß ÀüÀÚ´Â ³ÆøÀÇ ÀüÇüÀ¸·Î¼, ÈÄÀÚ´Â ¿ÂÈÀÇ ÀüÇüÀ¸·Î¼ À¼¾îÁ³´Ù. º¸·¹¾Æ½º´Â ´ÔÆä ¿À¸®Æ¼À̾Ƹ¦ »ç¶ûÇÏ°í ¾ÖÀγ븩À» ÇÏ·Á°í ÇßÀ¸³ª ½ÇÆÐÇß´Ù. Á¶¿ëÈ÷ ¼ûÀ» ½®´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ ±×¿¡°Ô´Â °ï¶õÇÑ ÀÏÀ̾ú°í, ´õ±¸³ª ź½ÇÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ºÒ°¡´ÉÇß´Ù.
¾Æ¹«¸® ³ë·ÂÇØµµ ¼º°ú°¡ ¾ø´Â µ¥ ÁöÃļ ¸¶Ä§³» º»¼ºÀ» µå·¯³»¾î ó³à¸¦ °Å»ÇÏ¿© ³³Ä¡Çß´Ù. ±×µé µÑ »çÀÌ¿¡¼ ÅÂ¾î³ ¾ÆµéÀÌ ³¯°³ µ¸Èù ¹«»ç·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁø Á¦Å×½º¿Í Ä®¶óÀ̽º¿´´Ù. À̵éÀº ¾Æ¸£°íÀÇ ¿øÁ¤¿¡ Âü°¡ÇÏ¿© Çϸ£ÇÇÀ̾ÆÀ̶ó°í ºÒ¸®´Â Á¶½Å¿©¸é(Á¶½Å¿©¸é)ÀÇ »õµé°ú ½Î¿ö °øÀ» ¼¼¿ü´Ù.
Á¦Ç¶·Î½º´Â Ç÷ζó[²ÉÀÇ ¿©½Å]ÀÇ ¿¬ÀÎÀ̾ú´Ù.
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Zephyrus was the lover of Flora (Chloris).
Milton
alludes to them in "Paradise Lost," where he
describes Adam waking and contemplating Eve still asleep.
"...He on his side
Leaning half raised, with looks of cordial love,
Hung over her enamoured, and beheld
Beauty which; whether waking or asleep,
Shot forth peculiar graces; then with voice,
Mild as when Zephyrus on Flora breathes,
Her hand soft touching, whispered thus: 'Awake!
My fairest, my espoused, my latest found,
Heaven's last, best gift, my ever-new delight.'"
Dr. Young, the poet of the "Night Thoughts,"
addressing the idle and luxurious, says:
"Ye delicate! who nothing can support
(Yourselves most insupportable) for whom
The winter rose must blow,...
....and silky soft
Favonius breathe still softer or be chid!" |
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Back to Chapter XXI
On to Chapter XXIII
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¡¡THOMAS BULFINCH
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