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Æ®·ÎÀÌ
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(The Trojan War) |

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BULFINCH'S MYTHOLOGY
THE AGE OF FABLE
OR STORIES OF GODS AND HEROES
by Thomas Bulfinch
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CHAPTER XXVII
Part One
THE TROJAN WAR
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Á¦ 27 Àå
1 ºÎ
Æ®·ÎÀÌ¾Æ ÀüÀï
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MINERVA (Athena) was the goddess of wisdom, but on one occasion she did a
very foolish thing; she entered into competition with Juno (Hera) and Venus (Aphrodite)
for the prize of beauty. It happened thus: At the nuptials of Peleus
and Thetis all the gods were invited with the exception of Eris, or
Discord [article]. Enraged at her exclusion, the goddess threw a golden apple
among the guests, with the inscription, "For the fairest." Thereupon
Juno, Venus, and Minerva each claimed the apple. Jupiter (Zeus), not
willing to decide in so delicate a matter, sent the goddesses to Mount
Ida, where the beautiful shepherd Paris was tending his flocks, and to
him was committed the decision. [webmaster's note: "When he grew to be a young man, Paris...
was afterwards surnamed Alexander (Alexandros).", Library of Apollodorus 2.47]
[see Library of Apollodorus and Notes - Judgement of Paris (Alexander)]
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¾ÆÅ׳ª´Â ÁöÇýÀÇ ¿©½ÅÀ̾ú´Âµ¥, ¾î´À ¶§ ¾î¸®¼®Àº ÁþÀ» ÇÑ ÀûÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×³à´Â ¹Ì¸¦ Æò°¡ÇϰíÀÚ Çì¶ó ¹× ¾ÆÇÁ·ÎµðÅ×¿Í °æÀïÇÑ ÀÏÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÇØ¼ ÀϾ´Ù.
Æç·¹¿ì½º¿Í Åׯ¢½ºÀÇ °áÈ¥½Ä ¶§¿¡ ºÒÈÀÇ ¿©½Å ¿¡¸®½º¸¦ Á¦¿ÜÇÑ ¸ðµç ½ÅµéÀÌ Ãʴ븦 ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù.
Àڱ⸸ÀÌ Á¦¿ÜµÈ µ¥ ºÐ°ÝÇÏ¿© ¿¡¸®½º´Â °´µéÀÇ ÁÂÁß¿¡ Ȳ±Ý »ç°ú¸¦ Çϳª ´øÁ³´Âµ¥, ±× »ç°ú¿¡´Â <°¡Àå ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿î ¿©½Å¿¡°Ô>¶ó°í ¾º¾îÁ® ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¡¼ Çì¶ó¿Í ¾ÆÇÁ·ÎµðÅ×¿Í ¾ÆÅ׳ª´Â Á¦°¢±â ±× »ç°ú°¡ Àڱ⠰ÍÀ̶ó°í ÁÖÀåÇß´Ù. Á¦¿ì½º´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹Ì¹¦ÇÑ ¹®Á¦¿¡ ÆÇ°áÀ» ³»¸®±â¸¦ ¿øÄ¡ ¾Ê¾Æ¼ ¿©½ÅµéÀ» À̵¥ »êÀ¸·Î º¸³Â´Ù.
±×°÷¿¡´Â ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿î ¾çÄ¡±â ÆÄ¸®½º°¡ Á¦¿ì½ºÀÇ ¾ç¶¼¸¦ µ¹º¸°í ÀÖ¾ú´Âµ¥, ÀÌ ÆÄ¸®½º¿¡°Ô ±× ½ÉÆÇÀÌ ¸Ã°ÜÁ³´Ù. |
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The goddesses accordingly appeared
before him. Juno promised him power and riches, Minerva glory and
renown in war, and Venus the fairest of women for his wife, each
attempting to bias his decision in her own favour. Paris decided in
favour of Venus and gave her the golden apple, thus making the two
other goddesses his enemies. Under the protection of Venus, Paris
sailed to Greece, and was hospitably received by Menelaus, king of
Sparta. Now Helen, the wife of Menelaus, was the very woman whom Venus
had destined for Paris, the fairest of her sex. She had been sought as
a bride by numerous suitors, and before her decision was made known,
they all, at the suggestion of Ulysses (Odysseus), one of their number, took an
oath that they would defend her from all injury and avenge her cause
if necessary.
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¿©½ÅµéÀº Àú¸¶´Ù ÆÄ¸®½º ¾Õ¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù. °¢±â Àڱ⿡°Ô À¯¸®ÇÑ ÆÇ°áÀÌ ³»·ÁÁö°Ô Çϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© Çì¶ó´Â ÆÄ¸®½º¿¡°Ô ±Ç·Â°ú ºÎ¸¦, ¾ÆÅ׳ª´Â ÀüÀï¿¡¼ÀÇ ¿µ±¤°ú °ø¸íÀ» ¾à¼ÓÇϰí, ¾ÆÇÁ·ÎµðÅ×´Â °¡Àå ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿î ¿©ÀÚ¸¦ ¾Æ³»·Î ¾ò¾î ÁÖ¸¶°í ¾à¼ÓÇß´Ù.
ÆÄ¸®½º´Â ¾ÆÇÁ·ÎµðÅ×ÀÇ ÆíÀ» µé¾î ±×³à¿¡°Ô Ȳ±Ý»ç°ú¸¦ ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. À̸®ÇÏ¿©
´Ù¸¥ µÎ ¿©½ÅÀ» ±×ÀÇ ÀûÀÌ µÇ°Ô Çß´Ù. ÆÄ¸®½º´Â ¾ÆÇÁ·ÎµðÅ×ÀÇ º¸È£ ¾Æ·¡ ±×¸®½º·Î Ç×ÇØÇÏ¿© ½ºÆÄ¸£Å¸ ¿Õ ¸Þ³Ú¶ó¿À½ºÀÇ È¯´ë¸¦ ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ±×·±µ¥ ¸Þ³Ú¶ó¿À½ºÀÇ ¾Æ³» Çï·¹³×¾ß¸»·Î °¡Àå ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿î ¿©ÀÎÀ¸·Î¼ ¾ÆÇÁ·ÎµðÅ×°¡ ÆÄ¸®½ºÀÇ ¾Æ³»·Î ¿¹Á¤ÇÑ ¿©ÀÎÀ̾ú´Ù. ±×³à¿¡°Ô´Â ±¸È¥ÀÚ°¡ ¸¹¾Ò´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×³àÀÇ °á´ÜÀÌ ¾Ë·ÁÁö±â±îÁö ±×µéÀº ´Ù ±¸È¥ÀÚ ÁßÀÇ ÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÎ ¿Àµ÷¼¼¿ì½ºÀÇ ±ÇÀ¯¿¡ µû¸£±â·Î ÇÏ¿©, ±×³à¸¦ ¸ðµç ¹ÚÇØ·ÎºÎÅÍ ¼öÈ£Çϰí ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ±×³à¸¦ À§ÇÏ¿© º¹¼ö¸¦ ÇÏ¿© ÁÖ¸¶°í ¼¾àÇß´Ù. |
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She chose Menelaus, and was living with him happily when
Paris became their guest. Paris, aided by Venus, persuaded her to
elope with him, and carried her to Troy, whence arose the famous
Trojan war, the theme of the greatest poems of antiquity, those of
Homer
and Virgil.
[see also: Causes of the Trojan War - The Persian version, Herodotus, Book I]
[see also: Conflicting Views of Helen]
[see image 121K: Paris and Helen - painting by Jacques Louis David (1748-1825)]
[see image 156K: The Judgement of Paris (circa 1638) - painting by Peter Paul Rubens (1577-1640)]
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±×³à´Â ¸Þ´Ò¶ó¿À½º¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÏ¿© ÇູÇÏ°Ô »ì°í ÀÖÀ» ¶§ ÆÄ¸®½º°¡ °´À¸·Î ¿Â °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. ÆÄ¸®½º´Â ¾ÆÇÁ·ÎµðÅ×ÀÇ µµ¿òÀ» ¹Þ¾Æ ±×³à¸¦ ¼³µæÇÏ¿© Æ®·ÎÀ̾ƷΠµ¥¸®°í °¬´Ù. À̷κÎÅÍ À¯¸íÇÑ Æ®·ÎÀÌ¾Æ ÀüÀï-È£¸Þ·Î½º³ª º£¸£±æ¸®¿ì½º°¡ ³ë·¡ÇÑ Àú °í´ëÀÇ °¡Àå À§´ëÇÑ ½ÃÀÇ ÁÖÁ¦°¡ µÈ ÀüÀï-ÀÌ ÀϾ°Ô µÈ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. |
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Menelaus called upon his brother chieftains of Greece to fulfil
their pledge, and join him in his efforts to recover his wife. They
generally came forward, but Ulysses, who had married Penelope, and was
very happy in his wife and child, had no disposition to embark in such
a troublesome affair. He therefore hung back and Palamedes was sent to
urge him. When Palamedes arrived at Ithaca Ulysses pretended to be
mad. He yoked an ass and an ox together to the plough and began to sow
salt.
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¸Þ³Ú¶ó¿À½º´Â ±×¸®½ºÀÇ Á·Àåµé¿¡°Ô °ø¾àÀ» ÀÌÇàÇÏ¿© ÀÚ±âÀÇ Ã³¸¦ ŻȯÇÏ´Â µ¥ Çù·ÂÇØ ÁÖµ¹°í ¿ä±¸Çß´Ù. ±×µéÀº ´ëºÎºÐ ÀÌ¿¡ ÀÀÇØ¼ ÃâÁ¤Çß´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¿Àµ÷¼¼¿ì½º´Â Æä³Ú·ÎÆä¿Í °áÈ¥ÇÏ¿© óÀÚ¿Í ÇູÇÏ°Ô Áö³»°í ÀÖ¾úÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ÀÌ¿Í °°ÀÌ ±ÍÂúÀº ÀÏ¿¡ ¼ÕÀ» ´î »ý°¢ÀÌ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ±×·¡¼ ±×´Â ÁÖÀúÇßÀ¸¹Ç·Î ÆÈ¶ó¸Þµ¥½º°¡ ÀÌŸ°Ô¿¡ µµÂøÇÏÀÚ, ¿Àµ÷¼¼¿ì½º´Â ±¤ÀÎÀ» °¡ÀåÇϰí ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×´Â ³ª±Í¿Í Ȳ¼Ò¸¦ Àï±â¿¡ ¸Å°í Á¾ÀÚ ´ë½Å ¼Ò±ÝÀ» »Ñ¸®±â ½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. |
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Palamedes, to try him, placed the infant Telemachus before the
plough, whereupon the father turned the plough aside, showing
plainly that he was no madman, and after that could no longer refuse
to fulfil his promise. Being now himself gained for the undertaking,
he lent his aid to bring in other reluctant chiefs, especially
Achilles. This hero was the son of that Thetis at whose marriage the
apple of Discord had been thrown among the goddesses. Thetis was
herself one of the immortals, a sea-nymph, and knowing that her son
was fated to perish before Troy if he went on the expedition, she
endeavoured to prevent his going. She sent him away to the court of
King Lycomedes [at Skyros], and induced him to conceal himself in the disguise
of a maiden among the daughters of the king. Ulysses, hearing he was
there, went disguised as a merchant to the palace and offered for sale
female ornaments, among which he had placed some arms. While the
king's daughters were engrossed with the other contents of the
merchant's pack, Achilles handled the weapons and thereby betrayed
himself to the keen eye of Ulysses, who found no great difficulty in
persuading him to disregard his mother's prudent counsels and join his
countrymen in the war.
[see Library of Apollodorus 3.13.8 and Notes - Achilles disguised as maiden]
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ÆÈ¶ó¸Þµ¥½º´Â ±×¸¦ ½ÃÇèÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ±×ÀÇ ¾î¸° ¾Æµé ÅÚ·¹¸¶ÄÚ½º¸¦ Àï±â ¾Õ¿¡´Ù ³õÀ¸´Ï, ±×´Â Àç±â¸¦ ¿·À¸·Î ºñŰ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ·Î½á ±×´Â ±¤ÀÎÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó´Â °ÍÀÌ Áõ¸íµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç µû¶ó¼ ±× ¾à¼ÓÀ» °ÅÀýÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌÁ¦´Â ÀÚ±â ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ±× ÀÏ¿¡ Âü°¡ÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾úÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ±×´Â ³ª¸¦ ½È¾îÇÏ´Â Á·Àåµé, ƯÈ÷ ¾ÆÅ³·¹¿ì½º¸¦ Âü°¡½ÃŰ´Â µ¥ Á¶·ÂÇß´Ù. ¾ÆÅ³·¹¿ì½º´Â ´Ù¸§ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ±× °áÈ¥½Ä ¶§ ¿¡¸®½ºÀÇ »ç°ú°¡ ¿©½Åµé °¡¿îµ¥¿¡ ´øÁ®Áø Åׯ¢½ºÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀ̾ú´Ù. Åׯ¢½º ÀÚ½ÅÀº ¹Ù´ÙÀÇ ´ÔÆä·Î¼ ½ÅÀÇ À§Ä¡¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¡¼ ÀÚ±âÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀÌ ¿øÁ¤¿¡ Âü°¡ÇÏ¸é Æ®·ÎÀÌ¾Æ Àü¹æ¿¡¼ Á×À» ¿î¸íÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°í, ¾ÆµéÀÇ ÂüÀüÀ» ¸·À¸·Á°í ³ë·ÂÇß´Ù. ±×³à´Â ±×¸¦ ·òÄÚ¸Þµ¥½º ¿ÕÀÇ ±ÃÁ¤À¸·Î º¸³»¾î, ¿©ÀåÀ» ÇÏ°í ¿ÕÀÇ µþµé »çÀÌ¿¡ ¸öÀ» ¼û±âµµ·Ï Çß´Ù. ¿Àµ÷¼¼¿ì½º´Â ¾ÆÅ³·¹¿ì½º°¡ ±×°÷¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù´Â ¸»À» µè°í, »óÀÎÀ¸·Î º¯ÀåÇÏ¿© ±ÃÁ¤À¸·Î °¬´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¿©ÀÚÀÇ Àå½ÄǰÀ» ÆÈ·Á°í ³»³õ¾Ò´Âµ¥, ±× ¼Ó¿¡´Â ¾à°£ÀÇ ¹«¸®µµ ¼¯¿© ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯ÀÚ ¿ÕÀÇ µþµéÀº ´Ù¸¥ ¹°°Ç¿¡ ¿ÁßÇߴµ¥ ¾ÆÅ³·¹¿ì½º´Â ¹«±â¸¦ ¸¸Á³´Ù. ±×·¯ÀÚ ¿¹¹ÎÇÑ ¿Àµ÷¼¼¿ì½º¿¡°Ô Á¤Ã¼°¡ ¹ß°¢µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¿Àµ÷¼¼¿ì½º´Â ¿ëÀÌÇÏ°Ô ±×¸¦ ¼³µæÇÏ¿© ±×ÀÇ ¾î¸Ó´ÏÀÇ ½ÅÁßÇÑ ±Ç°í¸¦ ¹«½ÃÇÏ°í ´Ù¸¥ µ¿Æ÷¿Í °°ÀÌ ÀüÀï¿¡ Âü°¡Çϵµ·Ï Çß´Ù. |
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Priam was king of Troy, and Paris, the shepherd and seducer of
Helen, was his son. Paris had been brought up in obscurity, because
there were certain ominous forebodings connected with him from his
infancy that he would be the ruin of the state. These forebodings
seemed at length likely to be realized, for the Grecian armament now
in preparation was the greatest that had ever been fitted out.
Agamemnon, king of Mycenae, and brother of the injured Menelaus, was
chosen commander-in-chief. Achilles was their most illustrious
warrior. After him ranked Ajax, gigantic in size and of great courage,
but dull of intellect; Diomede, second only to Achilles in all the
qualities of a hero; Ulysses (Odysseus), famous for his sagacity; and Nestor, the
oldest of the Grecian chiefs, and one to whom they all looked up for
counsel.
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ÇÁ¸®¾Æ¸ð½º´Â Æ®·ÎÀÌ¾Æ ¿ÕÀ̾ú°í, ¾çÄ¡±â¿ä Çï·¹³×ÀÇ À¯È¤ÀÚÀÎ ÆÄ¸®½º´Â ±×ÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀ̾ú´Ù. ÆÄ¸®½º´Â ³²¸ô·¡ ¾çÀ°µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ±×°¡ ÀåÂ÷ ±¹°¡ÀÇ È±ÙÀÌ µÇ¸®¶ó´Â ºÒ±æÇÑ Â¡Á¶°¡ À¯³â½ÃÀýºÎÅÍ ±×¿¡°Ô ÀüÇØÁö°í ÀÖ¾ú±â ¶§¹®À̾ú´Ù. ÀÌ Â¡Á¶´Â ¸¶Ä§³» ½ÇÇöµÉ °Í°°ÀÌ º¸¿´´Ù. ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ±×¸®½º±ºÀº Àü¿¡ ¾ø¾ú´ø ´ë±Ô¸ðÀÇ ±ººñ¸¦ °®Ãß¾ú±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ¹¿ÄɳªÀÌÀÇ ¿ÕÀÌ¿ä ÇÇÇØ¸¦ ÀÔÀº ¸Þ³Ú¶ó¿À½ºÀÇ Çü ¾Æ±â¸â³íÀÌ ÃÑÁöÈÖÀÚ·Î ¼±ÃâµÆ´Ù.
¾ÆÅ³·¹¿ì½º´Â ±×µé Áß¿¡¼ °¡Àå À¯¸íÇÑ ¹«ÀåÀ̾ú´Ù. ±×´ÙÀ½Àº ¾ÆÀ̾ƽº¿´´Âµ¥, ±×´Â ¸öÁýÀÌ Å©°í ´ë´ÜÈ÷ ¿ë°¨ÇßÀ¸³ª, ¸Ó¸®°¡ µÐÇß´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ µð¿Àµ¥½º´Â ¿µ¿õ´Ù¿î ÀÚÁú¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ ¾ÆÅ³·¹¿ì½º ´ÙÀ½ °¡´Â ¹«ÀåÀ̾ú´Ù. ¿Àµ÷¼¼¿ì½º´Â ÁöÀڷμ À¯¸íÇßÀ¸¸ç, ³×½ºÅ丣´Â ±×¸®½º±ºÀÇ ÁöÈÖÀÚ Áß¿¡¼ ÃÖ¿¬ÀåÀڷμ °í¹®°ÝÀ¸·Î Á¸°æÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. |
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But Troy was no feeble enemy. Priam, the king, was now old,
but he had been a wise prince and had strengthened his state by good
government at home and numerous alliances with his neighbours. But the
principal stay and support of his throne was his own Hector, one of
the noblest characters painted by heathen antiquity. He felt, from the
first, a presentiment of the fall of his country, but still persevered
in his heroic resistance, yet by no means justified the wrong which
brought this danger upon her. He was united in marriage with
Andromache, and as a husband and father his character was not less
admirable than as a warrior. The principal leaders on the side of
the Trojans, besides Hector, were AEneas and Deiphobus, Glaucus and Sarpedon.
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±×·¯³ª Æ®·ÎÀ̾Ƶµ ¾àÇÑ »ó´ë´Â ¾Æ´Ï¾ú´Ù. ±¹¿Õ ÇÁ¸®¾Æ¸ð½º´Â ÀÌÁ¦´Â ´Ä¾úÀ¸³ª Àþ¾úÀ» ¶§´Â Çö¸íÇÑ ±ºÁַμ ±¹³»¿¡¼´Â ¼±Á¤À» º£Ç®°í ±¹¿Ü·Î´Â ÀÌ¿ô ¿©·¯ ³ª¶ó¿Í µ¿¸ÍÀ» ü°áÇÏ¿© ±¹·ÂÀ» Áõ°ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×ÀÇ ¿ÕÀ§ÀÇ °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ ÁöÁÖÀÎ ±×ÀÇ ¾Æµé ÇíÅ丣´Â °í´ë À̱³µµ Áß¿¡¼ °¡Àå °í±ÍÇÑ Àι° ÁßÀÇ Çϳª¿´´Ù. ±×´Â óÀ½ºÎÅÍ Á¶±¹ÀÇ ¸ê¸ÁÀ» ¿¹°¨ÇßÁö¸¸, ¿µ¿õÀûÀÎ ÀúÇ×À» °è¼ÓÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Á¶±¹ÀÇ ¿î¸íÀ» ÀÌ¿Í °°ÀÌ À§ÅÂ·Ó°Ô ÇÑ ºÎÁ¤ ÇàÀ§¸¦ Á¤´ç½ÃÇÏÁö´Â ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ±×´Â ¾Èµå·Î¸¶ÄÉ¿Í °áÈ¥Çß´Ù. ±×´Â ¾Èµå·Î¸¶ÄÉ¿Í °áÈ¥Çß´Ù. ±×¸®°í ³²ÆíÀ¸·Î¼, ¾Æ¹öÁö·Î¼, ±×ÀÇ ¼º°ÝÀº ¹«ÀåÀ¸·Î¼ÀÇ ¼º°Ý¿¡ ¸øÁö ¾ÊÀ» Á¤µµ·Î ÈǸ¢Çß´Ù. ÇíÅ丣 ÀÌ¿Ü Æ®·ÎÀ̾ƱºÀÇ Áß¿ä ÁöÈÖÀÚ´Â ¾ÆÀ̳×À̾ƽº, µ¥ÀÌÆ÷º¸½º, ±Û¶ó¿ìÄÚ½º, »ç¸£Æäµ· µîÀ̾ú´Ù. |
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After two years of preparation the Greek fleet and army assembled in
the port of Aulis in Boeotia. Here Agamemnon in hunting killed a
stag which was sacred to Diana (Artemis), and the goddess in return visited
the army with pestilence, and produced a calm which prevented the
ships from leaving the port. Calchas, the soothsayer, thereupon
announced that the wrath of the virgin goddess could only be
appeased by the sacrifice of a virgin on her altar, and that none
other but the daughter of the offender would be acceptable. Agamemnon,
however reluctant, yielded his consent, and the maiden Iphigenia was
sent for under the pretence that she was to be married to Achilles.
When she was about to be sacrificed the goddess relented and
snatched her away, leaving a hind in her place, and Iphigenia,
enveloped in a cloud, was carried to Tauris, where Diana made her
priestess of her temple.
[see Library of Apollodorus 2.193 and Notes - attempted sacrifice of Iphigenia]
[see Metamorphoses of Ovid, Book XII, 12-58 - attempted sacrifice of Iphigenia]
[see also: Euripides, Iphigeneia in Aulis]
[see also: Euripides, Iphigeneia in Tauris]
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2³â°£ Àüºñ¸¦ °®Ãá ´ÙÀ½, ±×¸®½º ÇÔ´ë¿Í ±º´ë´Â º¸ÀÌ¿ÀƼ¾ÆÀÇ ¾Æ¿ï¸®½º Ç׿¡ Áý°áÇß´Ù. À̰÷¿¡¼ ¾Æ°¡¸â³íÀº ¼ö·ÆÀ» ÇÏ´Ù°¡ ¾Æ¸£Å׹̽º¿¡°Ô ºÀÇåµÈ ¼ö»ç½¿À» Á׿´´Ù. ±×·¯ÀÚ ¿©½ÅÀº ±× º¹¼ú ±º´ë ¾È¿¡ ¾ÇÁú(äÂòð)À» ÆÛ¶ß¸®°í, ¹è¸¦ Ç×±¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¶°³ªÁö ¸øÇϰԲû ¹Ù¶÷À» ÀÚ°Ô Çß´ø °ÍÀÌ´Ù. À̶§ ¿¹¾ðÀÚ Ä®Ä«½º´Â ó³à½ÅÀÇ ³ë¿©¿òÀ» °¡¶ó¾ÉÈ÷±â À§Çؼ´Â ó³à¸¦ ±× Á¦´Ü¿¡ Èñ»ý¹°·Î Á¦°øÇÏ´Â ¿Ü¿¡´Â µµ¸®°¡ ¾ø°í, ó³à·Î¼´Â ¹üÁËÀÚÀÇ µþ À̿ܿ¡´Â ¿ë³³µÇÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸®¶ó°í ¼±¾ðÇß´Ù. ¾Æ°¡¸â³íÀº ¾Æ¹«¸® ½È´õ¶óµµ ½Â³«ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ±×·¡¼ µþ ÀÌÇǰԳ×À̾Ƹ¦ ¾ÆÅ³·¹¿ì½º¿Í °áÈ¥½ÃŲ´Ù´Â ±¸½Ç ¾Æ·¡ ºÒ·¯¿Ô´Ù. ±×³à°¡ Èñ»ýµÇ·Á°í ÇÒ ¼ø°£ ¿©½ÅÀº ¸¶À½ÀÌ Ç®·Á, ±×³à°¡ ÀÖ´ø ÀÚ¸®¿¡ ¾Ï»ç½¿À» ÇÑ ¸¶¸® ³²°Ü ³õ°í, ±×³à¸¦ ³³Ä¡ÇÏ¿© ±¸¸§À¸·Î ¸öÀ» °¡¸®°í Ÿ¿ì¸®½º·Î µ¥¸®°í ¿Í¼, ÀÚ±âÀÇ ½ÅÀü »çÁ¦°¡ µÇ°Ô Çß´Ù. |
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Tennyson, in his "Dream of Fair Women," makes Iphigenia thus
describe her feelings at the moment of sacrifice:
"I was cut off from hope in that sad place,
Which yet to name my spirit loathes and fears;
My father held his hand upon his face;
I, blinded by my tears,
"Still strove to speak; my voice was thick with sighs,
As in a dream. Dimly I could descry
The stern black-bearded kings, with wolfish eyes,
Waiting to see me die.
"The tall masts quivered as they lay afloat,
The temples and the people and the shore;
One drew a sharp knife through my tender throat
Slowly,- and- nothing more."
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The wind now proving fair the fleet made sail and brought the forces
to the coast of Troy. The Trojans came to oppose their landing, and at
the first onset Protesilaus fell by the hand of Hector. Protesilaus
had left at home his wife, Laodamia, who was most tenderly attached to
him. When the news of his death reached her she implored the gods to
be allowed to converse with him only three hours. The request was
granted. Mercury (Hermes) led Protesilaus back to the upper world, and when
he died a second time Laodamia died with him. There was a story that
the nymphs planted elm trees round his grave which grew very well till
they were high enough to command a view of Troy, and then withered
away, while fresh branches sprang from the roots.
[see Library of Apollodorus 2.201 and Notes - Protesilaus and Laodamia]
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Wordsworth has taken the story of Protesilaus and Laodamia for the
subject of a poem
. It seems the oracle had declared that victory
should be the lot of that party from which should fall the first
victim to the war. The poet represents Protesilaus, on his brief
return to earth, as relating to Laodamia the story of his fate:
"'The wished-for wind was given; I then revolved
The oracle, upon the silent sea;
And if no worthier led the way, resolved
That of a thousand vessels mine should be
The foremost prow impressing to the strand,-
Mine the first blood that tinged the Trojan sand.
"'Yet bitter, ofttimes bitter was the pang
When of thy loss I thought, beloved wife!
On thee too fondly did my memory hang,
And on the joys we shared in mortal life,
The paths which we had trod,- these fountains, flowers;
My new planned cities and unfinished towers.
"'But should suspense permit the foe to cry,
'Behold they tremble! haughty their array,
Yet of their number no one dares to die'
In soul I swept the indignity away:
Old frailties then recurred: but lofty thought
In act embodied my deliverance wrought."
............................................................
"...upon the side
Of Hellespont (such faith was entertained)
A knot of spiry trees for ages grew
From out the tomb of him for whom she died;
And ever when such stature they had gained
That Ilium's walls were subject to their view,
The trees' tall summits withered at the sight,
A constant interchange of growth and blight!"
[Online Textbook: Barry Powell, Classical Myth, Chapter 18: The Trojan War, Part I: The House of Atreus; The Anger of Achilles. Also see this chapter's Calvin College Study Guide.]
[Online Textbook: Morford and Lenardon, Classical Mythology, Chapter 17: The Trojan Saga. Also see this chapter's Myth Summary and Topic Links.]
[see also: The Epic Cycle]
[see also: The Trojan War]
[see also: Images of the Trojan War - Haifa collection]
[see also: Images of the Trojan War Myth - Temple collection]
[see also: Achaeans and Trojans - map]
[see also: Geography of the Iliad - map]
[see also: The Legend of the Trojan War]
[see also: Homerica - The Cypria]
[see also: Apollodorus summary, Before the Iliad - Epitome, III. 1-35]
[see also: The Legend of the Trojan War]
[see also: Homer's Iliad (PERSEUS) - Murray translation]
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Back to Chapter XXVI
On to Chapter XXVII, Part II
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¡¡THOMAS BULFINCH
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