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BULFINCH'S MYTHOLOGY
THE AGE OF FABLE
OR STORIES OF GODS AND HEROES
by Thomas Bulfinch
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CHAPTER XXVII
Part Two
THE ILIAD
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Á¦ 27 Àå
2 ºÎ
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The war continued without decisive results for nine years.
Then an event occurred which seemed likely to be fatal to
the cause of the Greeks, and that was a quarrel between Achilles
and Agamemnon.
It is at this point that the great poem of Homer,
"The
Iliad," begins. The Greeks, though unsuccessful
against Troy,
had taken the neighbouring and allied cities, and in the
division of the spoil a female captive, by name Chryseis,
daughter of Chryses, priest of Apollo,
had fallen to the share of Agamemnon. Chryses came bearing
the sacred emblems of his office, and begged the release
of his daughter. Agamemnon refused. Thereupon Chryses
implored Apollo
to afflict the Greeks till they should be forced to yield
their prey. Apollo granted the prayer of his priest, and
sent pestilence into the Grecian camp. |
ÀüÀïÀº °áÁ¤ÀûÀÎ ½ÂÆÐ ¾øÀÌ 9³âµ¿¾È °è¼ÓµÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯´ø Â÷¿¡ ±×¸®½º±º¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ Ä¡¸íÀûÀ̶ó°íµµ ÇÒ ¸¸ÇÑ »ç°ÇÀÌ ÀϾ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ¾ÆÅ³·¹¿ì½º¿Í ¾Æ°¡¸â³í »çÀÌÀÇ ºÒÈ¿´´Ù. È£¸Þ·Î½ºÀÇ À§´ëÇÑ ¼»ç½Ã "Àϸ®¾Æµå"´Â ¿©±â¼ºÎÅÍ ½ÃÀ۵ȴÙ. ±×¸®½º±ºÀº Æ®·ÎÀ̾ƿ¡ ´ëÇØ¼´Â½Â¸®¸¦ °ÅµÎÁö ¸øÇÏ¿´À¸³ª, ±× ÀÌ¿ô¿¡ ÀÖ´Â µ¿¸Í±¹À» °ø·«ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×¸®°í Àü¸®Ç°À» ³ª´ ¶§, Å©¸®¼¼À̽º¶ó´Â ¿©ÀÚ Æ÷·Î°¡ ¾Æ°¡¸â³íÀÇ Â÷Áö°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù. Æ÷·Î Å©¸®¼¼À̽º´Â ¾ÆÆú·ÐÀÇ »çÁ¦ Å©¸®¼¼½ºÀÇ µþÀ̾ú´Ù. ±×·¡¼ Å©¸®¼¼À̽º´Â »çÁ¦ÀÇ Ç¥Áö¸¦ ¸ö¿¡ Áö´Ï°í ¿Í¼ µþÀ» ¹æ¸éÇØ Áֱ⸦ °£Ã»Çß´Ù. ¾Æ°¡¸â³íÀÌ °ÅÀýÇßÀ¸¹Ç·Î Å©¸®¼¼½º´Â ÀÚ±âÀÇ µþÀ» ³»³õ±â±îÁö´Â ±×¸®½º±ºÀ» ±«·ÓÈ÷µµ·Ï ¾ÆÆú·Ð¿¡°Ô ź¿øÇß´Ù.
¾ÆÆú·ÐÀº ±×ÀÇ »çÁ¦ÀÇ ±â¿øÀ» µé¾î ÁÖ¾î, ¾ÇÁú(äÂòð)À» ±×¸®½º±º Áø¿µ¿¡ º¸³Â´Ù. |
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Then a council was
called to deliberate how to allay the wrath of the gods
and avert the plague. Achilles boldly charged their
misfortunes upon Agamemnon as caused by his withholding
Chryseis. Agamemnon, enraged, consented to relinquish his
captive, but demanded that Achilles should yield to him in
her stead Briseis,
a maiden who had fallen to Achilles' share in the division
of the spoil. Achilles submitted, but forthwith declared
that he would take no further part in the war. He withdrew
his forces from the general camp and openly avowed his
intention of returning home to Greece.
[see also: When
the King Crosses the Line: Royal Deviance and Restitution
in Levantine Ideologies]
[see image: 127K - The
Ambassadors of Agamemnon in the Tent of Achilles -
painting by J.A.D. Ingres]
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À̸®ÇÏ¿© ½ÅµéÀÇ ºÐ³ë¸¦ °¡¶ó¾ÉÈ÷°í ¿ªº´(æ¹Ü»)À» ÇÇÇÒ ¹æÃ¥À» °±¸Çϱâ À§ÇØ È¸Àǰ¡ ¼ÒÁýµÇ¾ú´Ù.
¾ÆÅ³·¹¿ì½º´Â ´ë´ãÇÏ°Ô ±×µéÀÇ Àç³ÀÌ Å©¸®¼¼À̽º¸¦ ¾ï·ùÇÑ µ¥ ±âÀÎÇÑ °ÍÀ̶ó ÇÏ¿©, ±× Ã¥ÀÓÀ» ¾Æ°¡¸â³í¿¡°Ô Àü°¡½ÃÄ×´Ù. ¾Æ°¡¸â³íÀº ³ëÇÏ¿© ±×ÀÇ Æ÷·Î¸¦¼®¹æÇÏ´Â µ¥ µ¿ÀÇÇßÀ¸³ª, ±× ´ë½ÅÀü¸®Ç°À» ³ª´ ¶§ ¾ÆÅ³·¹¿ì½ºÀÇ Â÷Áö°¡ µÈ Å©¸®¼¼À̽º¸¦ Àڱ⿡°Ô ¾çµµÇ϶ó°í ¾ÆÅ³·¹¿ì½º¿¡°Ô ¿ä±¸Çß´Ù.
¾ÆÅ³·¹¿ì½º´Â ÀÌ¿¡ º¹Á¾ÇÏ¿´À¸³ª, ÀÚ±â´Â ÀÌÈÄ ÀüÀï¿¡¼ ¼ÕÀ» ¶¼°Ú´Ù°í ¼±¾ðÇß´Ù. ±×´Â ±×ÀÇ ±º´ë¸¦ º»Áø(Üâòæ)¿¡¼ Åð°¢½Ã۰í,¹Ù·Î ±×¸®½º·Î µ¹¾Æ°¡°Ú´Ù´Â Àǵµ¸¦ °øÇ¥Çß´Ù. |
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The gods and goddesses interested themselves as much in
this famous war as the parties themselves. It was well
known to them that fate had decreed that Troy should fall,
at last, if her enemies should persevere and not
voluntarily abandon the enterprise. Yet there was room
enough left for chance to excite by turns the hopes and
fears of the powers above who took part with either side.
Juno (Hera)
and Minerva (Athena),
in consequence of the slight put upon their charms by Paris,
were hostile to the Trojans; Venus (Aphrodite)
for the opposite cause favoured them. Venus enlisted her
admirer Mars (Ares)
on the same side, but Neptune (Poseidon)
favoured the Greeks. Apollo
was neutral, sometimes taking one side, sometimes the
other, and Jove (Zeus)
himself, though he loved the good King Priam,
yet exercised a degree of impartiality; not, however,
without exceptions. |
³²³à ½Åµéµµ ÀÌ À¯¸íÇÑ ÀüÀï¿¡ ´ç»çÀÚµé°ú ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î °ü½ÉÀ» °¡Á³¾ú´Ù. ½ÅµéÀº ±×¸®½º±ºÀÌÁö±¸ÀüÀ» Çϰí ÀÚÁøÇÏ¿© ÀüÀïÀ» Æ÷±âÇÏÁö¸¸ ¾ÊÀ¸¸é °á±¹¿£ Æ®·ÎÀ̾ư¡ ÆÐ¹èÇÒ ¿î¸íÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀ» Àß ¾Ë°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¾ç±º¿¡ °¢°¢ °¡´ãÇÑ ½ÅµéÀÇ Èñ¸Á°ú ±Ù½ÉÀ» ÀÚ±ØÇÒ ¿ì¿¬ÀÇ ¿©Áö´Â ¾ÆÁ÷ ³²¾Æ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
Çì¶ó¿Í ¾ÆÅ׳ª´Â ÆÄ¸®½º¿¡°Ô ÀÚ±âµéÀÇ ¹Ì¸¦ ¸ê½Ã´çÇß¹ÇÀ¸·Î, Æ®·ÎÀ̾Ʊº¿¡°Ô ÀûÀǸ¦ ǰ°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¾ÆÇÁ·ÎµðÅ×´Â ±×¿Í »ó¹ÝµÈ ÀÌÀ¯·Î Æ®·ÎÀ̾Ʊº ÆíÀ» µé¾ú´Ù. ¾ÆÇÁ·ÎµðÅ×´Â Àڱ⸦ ¼þ¹èÇϰí ÀÖ´Â ¾Æ·¹½º¸¦ Æ®·ÎÀÌ¾Æ Æí¿¡ °¡´ãÄÉ ÇßÀ¸³ª Æ÷¼¼À̵·Àº ±×¸®½º ÆíÀ» µé¾ú´Ù. ¾ÆÆú·ÐÀº Á߸³À» ÁöÄ×À¸³ª, ¶§·Ð ÀÌÂÊ ÆíÀ», ¶§·Ð ´Ù¸¥ ÆíÀ» µé¾ú´Ù. Á¦¿ì½º ÀÚ½ÅÀº ¸í±º(Ù£ÏÖ) ÇÁ¸®¾Æ¸ð½º¸¦ »ç¶ûÇßÀ¸³ª, ¾î´À Á¤µµ °øÆòÇÑ Åµµ¸¦ ÀÒÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¿¹¿ÜÀÇ °æ¿ìµµ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. |
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Thetis,
the mother of Achilles, warmly resented the injury done to
her son. She repaired immediately to Jove's palace and
besought him to make the Greeks repent of their injustice
to Achilles by granting success to the Trojan arms.
Jupiter consented, and in the battle which ensued the
Trojans were completely successful. The Greeks were driven
from the field and took refuge in their ships.
Then Agamemnon called a council of his wisest and
bravest chiefs. Nestor
advised that an embassy should be sent to Achilles to
persuade him to return to the field; that Agamemnon should
yield the maiden, the cause of the dispute, with ample
gifts to atone for the wrong he had done. Agamemnon
consented, and Ulysses (Odysseus),
Ajax
and Phoenix were sent to carry to Achilles the penitent
message. They performed that duty, but Achilles was deaf
to their entreaties. He positively refused to return to
the field, and persisted in his resolution to embark for
Greece without delay.
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¾ÆÅ³·¹¿ì½ºÀÇ ¾î¸Ó´Ï Åׯ¢½º´Â ÀÚ±âÀÇ ¾Æµé¿¡°Ô °¡ÇØÁø ¸ð¿å¿¡ ¸÷½Ã ³ëÇß´Ù. ±×·¡¼ ¹Ù·Î Á¦¿ì½ºÀÇ ±ÃÀüÀ¸·Î °¡¼ Æ®·ÎÀ̾Ʊº¿¡°Ô ½Â¸®¸¦ ÁÜÀ¸·Î½á ±×¸®½º±ºÀ¸·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý ¾ÆÅ³·¹¿ì½º¿¡°Ô °¡ÇÑ ºñÇà(Þªú¼)À» ÈÄȸÇϵµ·Ï ÇÏ¿© Áֽʻç°í ź¿øÇß´Ù. ±×·¯ÀÚ Á¦¿ì½º´Â ½Â³«Çß´Ù. ±× ´ÙÀ½ ÇàÇØÁø ÀüÅõ¿¡¼´Â Æ®·ÎÀ̾ƱºÀÌ Å©°Ô ½Â³«Çß´Ù. ±×¸®½º±ºÀº ½Î¿òÅÍ¿¡¼ ÃàÃâµÇ¾î ¹è ¾ÈÀ¸·Î Åð°¢Çß´Ù.
±×·¡¼ ¾Æ°¡¸â³íÀº ȸÀǸ¦ ¿¾î °¡Àå Çö¸íÇÏ°í ¿ë°¨ÇÑ ¹«Àåµé·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀǰßÀ» µé¾ú´Ù. ³×½ºÅ丣´Â ¾ÆÅ³·¹¿ì½º¿¡°Ô »çÀýÀ» º¸³»¾î ½Î¿òÅÍ¿¡ ±ÍȯÇϵµ·Ï ¼³µæÇÒ °Í°ú, ¾Æ°¡¸â³íÀº ºÐÀïÀÇ ¿øÀÎÀÎ ¿©Àο¡°Ô ±×ÀÇ ºñÇàÀ» º¸»óÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ¼±¹°À» ¸¹ÀÌ ÁÖ¾î¼ ¾ÆÅ³·¹¿ì½º¿¡°Ô µ¹·Áº¸³»¶ó°í Ãæ°íÇß´Ù. ¾Æ°¡¸â³íÀº ½Â³«ÇÏ¿©, ¿Àµ÷¼¼¿ì½º¿Í ¾ÆÀ̾ƽº¿Í Æ÷À̴нº°¡ ¾ÆÅ³·¹½º¿¡°Ô »çÁË»ç(ÞóñªÞÅ)·Î ÆÄ°ßµÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×µéÀº ÀÓ¹«¸¦ ¼öÇàÇß´Ù. ¾ÆÅ³·¹¿ì½º´Â ±×µéÀÇ °£Ã»À» µèÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ±×´Â ÀüÀå(îúíÞ)À¸·Î µÇµ¹¾Æ°¥ °ÍÀ» ¿Ï°È÷ °ÅºÎÇϰí Áöü¾øÀÌ ±×¸®½º·Î ¹è¸¦ µ¹¸± °ÍÀ» ÁÖÀåÇß´Ù. |
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The Greeks had constructed a rampart around their ships,
and now instead of besieging Troy they were in a manner
besieged themselves, within their rampart. The next day
after the unsuccessful embassy to Achilles, a battle was
fought, and the Trojans, favoured by Jove, were
successful, and succeeded in forcing a passage through the
Grecian rampart, and were about to set
fire to the ships. Neptune (Poseidon),
seeing the Greeks so pressed, came to their rescue. He
appeared in the form of Calchas
the prophet, encouraged the warriors with his shouts, and
appealed to each individually till he raised their ardour
to such a pitch that they forced the Trojans to give way. |
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±×¸®½º±ºÀº ¹è ÁÖÀ§¿¡ ¹æº®À» ±¸ÃàÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×·¡¼ ±×µéÀº ÀÌÁ¦´Â Æ®·ÎÀ̾Ƹ¦ °ø°ÝÇÏ´Â ´ë½Å ±× ¹æº® ¾È¿¡¼ ¿ÀÈ÷·Á ÀÚ±âµé ÀÚ½ÅÀ» °ø°ÝÇÏ´Â Çü¼¼°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¾ÆÅ³·¹¿ì½º¿¡°Ô »çÀýÀ» ÆÄ°ßÇßÀ¸³ª, ¼º°øÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ ´ÙÀ½³¯, »õ·Î¿î ÀüÅõ°¡ ¹ú¾îÁ³´Ù. Æ®·ÎÀ̾ƱºÀº Á¦¿ì½ºÀÇ ±¸¿øÀ¸·Î ½Â¸®¸¦ °ÅµÎ¾ú°í, ±×¸®½º±ºÀÇ ¹æº®ÀÇ ÀϺθ¦ ¶Õ¾î ¹è¿¡´Ù ºÒÀ» Áö¸£·Á°í Çß´Ù. Æ÷¼¼À̵·Àº ±×¸®½º±ºÀÇ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ±Ã»óÀ» º¸ÀÚ, ±¸¿øÇÏ·¯ ³ª¼¹´Ù. ±×´Â ¿¹¾ðÀÚÀΠĮī½ºÀÇ ¸öÀ¸·Î º¯ÀåÇÏ°í ³ªÅ¸³ª Å« ¼Ò¸®·Î À庴µéÀ» °Ý·ÁÇÏ°í º´»ç ÇÑ »ç¶÷ ÇÑ »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô È£¼ÒÇÏ¸ç ´Ù³æ´Ù. ±× ¶§¹®¿¡ ±×¸®½º±ºÀÇ »ç±âµµ Å©°Ô ÃæÃµÇØ Æ®·ÎÀ̾ƱºÀ» Åð°¢½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖÀ» Á¤µµ°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù. |
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Ajax performed prodigies of valour, and at length
encountered Hector.
Ajax shouted defiance, to which Hector replied, and hurled
his lance at the huge warrior. It was well aimed and
struck Ajax, where the belts that bore his sword and
shield crossed each other on the breast. The double guard
prevented its penetrating and it fell harmless. Then Ajax,
seizing a huge stone, one of those that served to prop the
ships, hurled it at Hector. It struck him in the neck and
stretched him on the plain. His followers instantly seized
him and bore him off, stunned and wounded. |
¾ÆÀ̾ƽº´Â ¿©·¯°¡Áö ¿ë°¨ÇÑ ÇàÀ§¸¦ ÇßÀ¸¸ç, ¸¶Ä§³» ÇíÅ丣¿Í ´ëÀüÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¾ÆÀ̾ƽº°¡ ¼Ò¸®³»¾î µµÀüÇÏÀÚ ÇíÅ丣´Â ÀÌ¿¡ ÀÀ´äÇÏ¿© °Å´ëÇÑ ¹«ÀåÀÎ ¾ÆÀ̾ƽº¿¡°Ô âÀ» ´øÁ³´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº Àß °Ü³ÉµÇ¾î ¾ÆÀ̾ƽºÀÇ Ä®À» ¸Ç ¶ì¿Í ¹æÆÐ¸¦ ¸Ç ¶ì°¡ ±×ÀÇ °¡½¿¿¡¼ ½ÊÀÚÇüÀ¸·Î ±³Â÷µÈ °÷À» ¸ÂÇû´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Ä®°ú ¹æÆÐ°¡ âÀÌ °üÅëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¸·¾Ò±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ¾Æ¹« ºÎ»óµµ ÀÔÈ÷Áö ¸øÇÏ°í ¶¥¿¡ ¶³¾îÁ³´Ù. ÀÌ¿¡ ¾ÆÀ̾ƽº´Â Å« µ¹-À̰ÍÀº ¹è¸¦ ¹öƼ¾î µÎ´Â µ¹À̾ú´Ù-À» Áý¾îµé°í ÇíÅ丣¸¦ ÇâÇØ ´øÁ³´Ù. µ¹Àº ÇíÅ丣ÀÇ ¸ñ¿¡ ¸Â¾Æ¼ ±×¸¦ ¶¥¿¡ ³Ñ¾î¶ß·È´Ù. ±×ÀÇ ºÎÇϵéÀº °ð ±×°¡ ±âÀýÇÏ°í ºÎ»ó´çÇÑ °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°í¼ ¹°·¯°¬´Ù. |
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While Neptune was thus aiding the Greeks and driving
back the Trojans, Jupiter saw nothing of what was going
on, for his attention had been drawn from the field by the
wiles of Juno. That goddess had arrayed herself in all her
charms, and to crown all had borrowed of Venus her girdle,
called "Cestus," which had the effect to
heighten the wearer's charms to such a degree that they
were quite irresistible. So prepared, Juno went to join
her husband, who sat on Olympus watching the battle. When
he beheld her she looked so charming that the fondness of
his early love revived, and, forgetting the contending
armies and all other affairs of state, he thought only of
her and let the battle go as it would.
But this absorption did not continue long, and when,
upon turning his eyes downward, he beheld Hector stretched
on the plain almost lifeless from pain and bruises, he
dismissed Juno in a rage, commanding her to send Iris and
Apollo to him. When Iris came he sent her with a stern
message to Neptune, ordering him instantly to quit the
field. Apollo was despatched to heal Hector's bruises and
to inspirit his heart. These orders were obeyed with such
speed that, while the battle still raged, Hector returned
to the field and Neptune betook himself to his own
dominions.
An arrow from Paris's bow wounded Machaon,
son of AEsculapius,
who inherited his father's art of healing, and was
therefore of great value to the Greeks as their surgeon,
besides being one of their bravest warriors. Nestor took
Machaon in his chariot and conveyed him from the field. As
they passed the ships of Achilles, that hero, looking out
over the field, saw the chariot of Nestor and recognized
the old chief, but could not discern who the wounded chief
was. So calling Patroclus,
his companion and dearest friend, he sent him to Nestor's
tent to inquire.
Patroclus, arriving at Nestor's tent, saw Machaon
wounded, and having told the cause of his coming would
have hastened away, but Nestor detained him, to tell him
the extent of the Grecian calamities. He reminded him also
how, at the time of departing for Troy, Achilles and
himself had been charged by their respective fathers with
different advice: Achilles to aspire to the highest pitch
of glory, Patroclus, as the elder, to keep watch over his
friend, and to guide his inexperience. "Now,"
said Nestor, "is the time for such influence. If the
gods so please, thou mayest win him back to the common
cause; but if not let him at least send his soldiers to
the field, and come thou, Patroclus, clad in his armour,
and perhaps the very sight of it may drive back the
Trojans."
Patroclus was strongly moved with this address, and
hastened back to Achilles, revolving in his mind all he
had seen and heard. He
told the prince the sad condition of affairs at the
camp of their late associates: Diomede,
Ulysses, Agamemnon, Machaon, all wounded, the rampart
broken down, the enemy among the ships preparing to burn
them, and thus to cut off all means of return to Greece.
While they spoke the flames burst forth from one of the
ships. Achilles, at the sight, relented so far as to grant
Patroclus his request to lead the Myrmidons
(for so were Achilles' soldiers called) to the field, and
to lend him his armour, that he might thereby strike more
terror into the minds of the Trojans. Without delay the
soldiers were marshalled, Patroclus put on the radiant
armour and mounted the chariot of Achilles, and led forth
the men ardent for battle. But before he went, Achilles
strictly charged him that he should be content with
repelling the foe. "Seek not," said he, "to
press the Trojans without me, lest thou add still more to
the disgrace already mine." Then exhorting the troops
to do their best he dismissed them full of ardour to the
fight.
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Patroclus
and his Myrmidons at once plunged into the contest
where it raged hottest; at the sight of which the joyful
Grecians shouted and the ships re-echoed the acclaim. The
Trojans, at the sight of the well-known armour, struck
with terror, looked everywhere for refuge. |
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ÆÄÆ®·ÎŬ·Î½º¿Í ±×ÀÇ ±º´ë´Â °ð °Ý·ÄÇÑ °ÝÀüÀÌ ¹ú¾îÁø °÷À¸·Î ¶Ù¾îµé¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ ±¤°æÀ» º¸°í¼ ±â»Ý¿¡ ³ÑÄ£ ±×¸®½º±ºÀº ¼Ò¸®¸¦ Áö¸£°í ÇÔ¼±Àº ÀÌ È¯È£¼ºÀ» ¹ÝÇâÇß´Ù. Æ®·ÎÀ̾ƱºÀº À¯¸íÇÑ ¾ÆÅ³·¹¿ì½ºÀÇ °©¿ÊÀ» º¸ÀÚ, °øÆ÷¿¡ ¶³¸ç ´Þ¾Æ³¯ °÷À» ã±â¿¡ ºÐ¸ÁÇß´Ù. |
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First those who
had got possession of the ship and set it on fire left and
allowed the Grecians to retake it and extinguish the
flames. Then the rest of the Trojans fled in dismay. Ajax,
Menelaus,
and the two sons of Nestor performed prodigies of valour.
Hector was forced to turn his horses' heads and retire
from the enclosure, leaving his men entangled in the fosse
to escape as they could. Patroclus drove them before him,
slaying many, none daring to make a stand against him.
At last Sarpedon,
son of Jove, ventured to oppose himself in fight to
Patroclus. Jupiter looked down upon him and would have
snatched him from the fate which awaited him, but Juno
hinted that if he did so it would induce all others of the
inhabitants of heaven to interpose in like manner whenever
any of their offspring were endangered; to which reason
Jove yielded. Sarpedon threw his spear, but missed
Patroclus, but Patroclus threw his with better success. It
pierced Sarpedon's breast and he fell, and, calling to his
friends to save his body from the foe, expired. Then a
furious contest arose for the possession of the
corpse. The Greeks succeeded and stripped Sarpedon of his
armour; but Jove would not allow the remains of his son to
be dishonoured, and by his command Apollo snatched from
the midst of the combatants the body of Sarpedon and
committed it to the care of the twin brothers Death
and Sleep,
by whom it was transported to Lycia,
the native land of Sarpedon, where it received due funeral
rites.
Thus far Patroclus had succeeded to his utmost wish in
repelling the Trojans and relieving his countrymen, but
now came a change of fortune. Hector, borne in his
chariot, confronted him. Patroclus threw a vast stone at
Hector, which missed its aim, but smote Cebriones, the
charioteer, and knocked him from the car. Hector leaped
from the chariot to rescue his friend, and Patroclus also
descended to complete his victory. Thus the
two heroes met face to face. At this decisive moment
the poet, as if reluctant to give Hector the glory,
records that Phoebus (Apollo)
took part against Patroclus. He struck the helmet from his
head and the lance from his hand. At the same moment an
obscure Trojan wounded him in the back, and Hector,
pressing forward, pierced him with his spear. He fell
mortally wounded.
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Then arose a tremendous conflict for the body of
Patroclus, but his armour was at once taken possession of
by Hector, who retiring a short distance divested himself
of his own armour and put
on that of Achilles, then returned to the fight. Ajax
and Menelaus defended the body, and Hector and his bravest
warriors struggled to capture it. The battle raged with
equal fortunes, when Jove enveloped the whole face of
heaven with a dark cloud. The lightning flashed, the
thunder roared, and Ajax, looking round for some one whom
he might despatch to Achilles to tell him of the death of
his friend, and of the imminent danger that his remains
would fall into the hands of the enemy, could see no
suitable messenger. |
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It was then that he exclaimed in those
famous lines so often quoted,
"Father of heaven and earth! deliver thou
Achaia's host from darkness; clear the skies;
Give day; and, since thy sovereign will is such,
Destruction with it; but, O, give us day."
(Cowper)
Or, as rendered by Pope,
¡¡
"...Lord of earth and air!
O king! O father! hear my humble prayer!
Dispel this cloud, the light of heaven restore;
Give me to see and Ajax asks no more;
If Greece must perish we thy will obey,
But let us perish in the face of day."
[see also: Murray
prose translation: Bk XVII, 645]
¡¡ |
À̶§ÀÇ ±×ÀÇ ¿ÜħÀº À¯¸íÇÑ ±¸Àý·Î¼ ÈçÈ÷ ÀοëµÈ´Ù.
Çϴðú ¶¥ÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁö¿©!
Á¦¹ß ÀÌ °ËÀº ±¸¸§ ¹Ø¿¡¼
¾ÆÄ«À̾ÆÀÇ ´ë±ºÀ» ±¸ÃâÇØ ÁֽÿÀ.
´ë°ø(ÓÞÍö)À» ¸¼°Ô ÇØÁֽÿÀ.
³·À» ºÎ¿©ÇØ ÁֽʽÿÀ.
¶Ç ´ç½ÅÀÇ ¶æÀ̶ó¸é ¿ì¸®µéÀÇ ¸öÀ» ¹Ú¸êÇØ ÁֽʽÿÀ.
±×·¯³ª, ¿À, ³·¸¸Àº ºÎ¿©ÇØ ÁֽʽÿÀ.
-Äí¿ìÆÛ ¿ª(æ»)
¶Ç Æ÷¿ìÇÁÀÇ ¹ø¿ª¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé-
¶¥°ú ÇÏ´ÃÀÇ ÁÖ(ñ«)¿©!
¿À, ¿ÕÀÌ¿©! ¿À, ¾Æ¹öÁö¿©!
³ªÀÇ Ãµ¹ÚÇÑ ±âµµ¸¦ µé¾î ÁֽʽÿÀ!
ÀÌ ±¸¸§À» ¸ô¾Æ ¹ö¸®°í,
´Ù½Ã ÇÏ´ÃÀÇ ºûÀ» ³»·Á ÁֽʽÿÀ.
¹«¾ùÀ» º¼ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇØÁֽŴٸé
¾ÆÀ̾ƽº´Â ´õ ¹Ù¶ö °ÍÀÌ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù.
±×¸®½º±ºÀÌ ¸ê¸ÁÇÒ ¿î¸íÀ̶ó¸é
¿ì¸®µéµµ ±× ¶æ¿¡ µû¸£°Ú½À´Ï´Ù.
±×·¯³ª Á¦¹ß ¿ì¸®¸¦
´ë³·ÀÇ ÇÞºû ¼Ó¿¡¼ Á×°Ô ÇØÁֽʽÿÀ! |
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Jupiter heard the prayer and dispersed the clouds. Then
Ajax sent Antilochus
to Achilles with the intelligence of Patroclus's death,
and of the conflict raging for his remains. The Greeks at
last succeeded in bearing off the body to the ships,
closely pursued by Hector and AEneas
and the rest of the Trojans.
Achilles
heard the fate of his friend with such distress that
Antilochus feared for a while that he would destroy
himself. His groans reached the ears of his mother,
Thetis, far down in the deeps of ocean where she abode,
and she hastened to him to inquire the cause. She found
him overwhelmed with self-reproach that he had indulged
his resentment so far, and suffered his friend to fall a
victim to it. But his only consolation was the hope of
revenge. He would fly instantly in search of Hector. But
his mother reminded him that he was now without armour,
and promised him, if he would but wait till the morrow,
she would procure for him a suit of armour from Vulcan (Hephaestus)
more than equal to that he had lost. He consented, and Thetis
immediately repaired to Vulcan's palace. She found him
busy at his forge making tripods for his own use, so
artfully constructed that they moved forward of their own
accord when wanted, and retired again when dismissed. On
hearing the request of Thetis, Vulcan immediately laid
aside his work and hastened to comply with her wishes. He
fabricated a splendid suit of armour for Achilles, first a
shield adorned with elaborate devices, then a helmet
crested with gold, then a corselet and greaves of
impenetrable temper, all perfectly adapted to his form,
and of consummate workmanship. It was all done in one
night, and Thetis, receiving it, descended with it to
earth and laid
it down at Achilles' feet at the dawn of day.
[see image 139K: The
Forge of Vulcan by Velasquez]
[see image: Attic
black-figure vase - Achilles receiving his armor from
Thetis]
¡¡ |
Á¦¿ì½º´Â ±¸¸§À» °ÅµÖµé¿´´Ù. ±×Á¦¾ß ¾ÆÀ̾ƽº´Â ¾ÈÆ¿·ÎÄÚ½º¸¦ ¾ÆÅ³·¹¿ì½º¿¡°Ô ÆÄ°ßÇÏ°í ÆÄÆ®·ÎŬ·Î½ºÀÇ Á×À½°ú ±×ÀÇ À¯Çظ¦ µÑ·¯½Î°í °Ý·ÄÇÑ ÀüÀïÀÌ ¹ú¾îÁ³´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀ» º¸°íÇß´Ù. ±×¸®½º±ºÀº ¸¶Ä§³» À¯Çظ¦ ¹è ÀÖ´Â °÷À¸·Î ¿î¹ÝÇߴµ¥, µÚ¿¡¼´Â ÇíÅ丣¿Í ¾ÆÀ̳×À̾ƽº¿Í ±×¹ÛÀÇ Æ®·ÎÀ̾ƱºÀÌ À°¹ÚÇÏ¿© Ãß°ÝÇß´Ù.
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ÇìÆÄÀ̽ºÅ佺´Â Åׯ¢½ºÀÇ ¼ÒûÀ» µè°í´Â ¹Ù·Î ÇÏ´ø ÀÏÀ» Áß´ÜÇÏ°í ±×³àÀÇ ¼Ò¸Á¿¡ ÀÀÇϵµ·Ï ¼µÑ·¶´Ù. ±×´Â ¾ÆÅ³·¹¿ì½º¸¦ À§Çؼ ÈǸ¢ÇÑ ¹«±¸¸¦ ÇÑ ¹ú ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. óÀ½¿¡´Â °õ°õÀÌ ±Ã¸®¸¦ ÇÏ¿© Àå½ÄÇÑ ¹æÆÐ¸¦ ¸¸µé°í, ´ÙÀ½¿¡´Â ²À´ë±â¿¡ ±ÝÀ» ´Ü Åõ±¸¸¦, ¶Ç ±× ´ÙÀ½¿¡´Â Ä®À̳ª âÀÌ µé¾î°¡Áö ¾Ê´Â °©¿ÊÀÇ °¡½¿¹ÞÀÌ¿Í Á¤°À̹ÞÀ̸¦ ¸¸µé¾ú´Âµ¥, ±×°ÍÀº ¸ðµÎ°¡ ¾ÆÅ³·¹¿ì½ºÀÇ ¸ö¿¡ Àß ¸Â°í Á¤¹¦ÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µé¾îÁ³´Ù. À̰͵éÀº ¸ðµÎ ÇÏ·ç Àú³á¿¡ ¿Ï¼ºµÇ¾ú´Ù. Åׯ¢½º´Â ±×°ÍÀ» ¹Þ¾Æ °¡Áö°í Áö»óÀ¸·Î ³»·Á°¡¼ »õº®³è¿¡ ¾ÆÅ³·¹¿ì½ºÀÇ ¹ß ¹Ø¿¡ °®´Ù ³õ¾Ò´Ù. |
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The first glow of pleasure that Achilles had felt since
the death of Patroclus was at the sight of this splendid
armour. And now, arrayed in it, he went forth into the
camp, calling all the chiefs to council. When they were
all assembled he addressed them. Renouncing his
displeasure against Agamemnon and bitterly lamenting the
miseries that had resulted from it, he called on them to
proceed at once to the field. Agamemnon made a suitable
reply, laying all the blame on Ate, the goddess of
discord; and thereupon complete reconcilement took place
between the heroes.
Then Achilles went forth to battle inspired with a rage
and thirst for vengeance that made him irresistible. The
bravest warriors fled before him or fell by his lance.
Hector, cautioned by Apollo, kept aloof; but the god,
assuming the form of one of Priam's
sons, Lycaon, urged AEneas to encounter the terrible
warrior. AEneas, though he felt himself unequal, did not
decline the combat. He hurled his spear with all his force
against the shield, the work of Vulcan. It was formed of
five metal plates; two were of brass, two of tin, and one
of gold. The spear pierced two thicknesses, but was
stopped in the third. Achilles threw his with better
success. It pierced through the shield of AEneas, but
glanced near his shoulder and made no wound. Then AEneas
seized a stone, such as two men of modern times could
hardly lift, and was about to throw it, and Achilles, with
sword drawn, was about to rush upon him, when Neptune, who
looked out upon the contest, moved with pity for AEneas,
who he saw would surely fall a victim if not speedily
rescued, spread a cloud between the combatants, and
lifting AEneas from the ground, bore him over the heads of
warriors and steeds to the rear of the battle. Achilles,
when the mist cleared away, looked round in vain for his
adversary, and acknowledging the prodigy, turned his arms
against other champions. But none dared stand before him,
and Priam looking down from the city walls beheld his
whole army in full flight towards the city. He gave
command to open wide the gates to receive the fugitives,
and to shut them as soon as the Trojans should have
passed, lest the enemy should enter likewise. But Achilles
was so close in pursuit that that would have been
impossible if Apollo had not, in the form of Agenor,
Priam's son, encountered Achilles for a while, then turned
to fly, and taken the way apart from the city. Achilles
pursued and had chased his supposed victim far from the
walls, when Apollo disclosed himself, and Achilles,
perceiving how he had been deluded, gave up the chase.
¡¡ |
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¾ÆÅ³·¹¿ì½º°¡ ÀûÀ» Ãß°ÝÇÏ¿© ¼ºº®¿¡¼ ¸Ö¸® ¶³¾îÁø °÷¿¡ À̸£·¶À» ¶§, ÀÌÀ¹°í ¾ÆÆú·ÐÀÌ Á¤Ã¼¸¦ µå·¯³Â´Ù. ¾ÆÅ³·¹¿ì½º´Â ¼ÓÀº °ÍÀ» ±ú´Ý°í Ãß°ÝÀ» ´Ü³äÇÏ¿´´Ù. |
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But when the rest had escaped into the town Hector stood
without determined to await the combat. His
old father called to him from the walls and begged him to
retire nor tempt the encounter. His mother, Hecuba,
also besought him to the same effect, but all in vain.
"How can I," said he to himself, "by whose
command the people went to this day's contest, where so
many have fallen, seek safety for myself against a single
foe? But what if I offer him to yield up Helen and all her
treasures and ample of our own beside? Ah, no! it is too
late. He would not even hear me through, but slay me while
I spoke." While he thus ruminated, Achilles
approached, terrible as Mars, his armour flashing
lightning as he moved. At that sight Hector's heart failed
him and he fled. Achilles swiftly pursued. They ran, still
keeping near the walls, till they had thrice encircled the
city. As often as Hector approached the walls Achilles
intercepted him and forced him to keep out in a wider
circle. But Apollo sustained Hector's strength and would
not let him sink in weariness. Then Pallas, assuming the
form of Deiphobus,
Hector's bravest brother, appeared suddenly at his side.
Hector saw him with delight, and thus strengthened stopped
his flight and turned to meet Achilles. Hector threw his
spear, which struck the shield of Achilles and bounded
back. He. turned to receive another from the hand of
Deiphobus, but Deiphobus was gone. Then Hector understood
his doom and said, "Alas! it is plain this is my hour
to die! I thought Deiphobus at hand, but Pallas deceived
me, and he is still in Troy. But I will not fall
inglorious." So saying he drew his falchion from his
side and rushed at once to combat. Achilles, secure behind
his shield, waited the approach of Hector. When he came
within reach of his spear, Achilles choosing with his eye
a vulnerable part where the armour leaves the neck
uncovered, aimed his spear at that part and Hector fell,
death-wounded, and feebly said, "Spare my body! Let
my parents ransom it, and let me receive funeral rites
from the sons and daughters of Troy." To which
Achilles replied, "Dog, name not ransom nor pity to
me, on whom you have brought such dire distress. No! trust
me, nought shall save thy carcass from the dogs. Though
twenty ransoms and thy weight in gold were offered, I
would refuse it all."
So saying he
stripped the body of its armour, and fastening cords
to the feet tied them behind his chariot, leaving the body
to trail along the ground. Then mounting the chariot he
lashed the steeds and so dragged the body to and fro
before the city. What words can tell the grief of King
Priam and Queen Hecuba at this sight! His people could
scarce restrain the old king from rushing forth. He threw
himself in the dust and besought them each by name to give
him way. Hecuba's distress was not less violent. The
citizens stood round them weeping. The sound of the
mourning reached the ears of Andromache, the wife of
Hector, as she sat among her maidens at work, and
anticipating evil she went forth to the wall. When she saw
the sight there presented, she would have thrown herself
headlong from the wall, but fainted and fell into the arms
of her maidens. Recovering, she bewailed her fate,
picturing to herself her country ruined, herself a
captive, and her son dependent for his bread on the
charity of strangers.
¡¡ |
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ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¸»ÇÏ¸é¼ ±×´Â Ç㸮¿¡¼ Ä®À» »©¾îµé°í °ð µ¹ÁøÇß´Ù. ¾ÆÅ³·¹¿ì½º´Â ¹æÆÐ·Î ¸öÀ» ¹æ¾îÇÏ¸é¼ ÇíÅ丣°¡ Á¢±ÙÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ±â´Ù¸®°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ÇíÅ丣°¡ ¾ÆÅ³·¹¿ì½ºÀÇ Ã¢ÀÇ »çÁ¤°Å¸® ¾È¿¡ µé¾î¿ÀÀÚ, ¾ÆÅ³·¹¿ì½º´Â °©¿Ê¿¡ °¡·ÁÁöÁö ¾ÊÀº, µû¶ó¼ »óó¸¦ ÀÔÈú ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¸ñ ÀÖ´Â °÷À» °Ü³ÉÇÏ¿©¼ âÀ» ´øÁö´Ï, ÇíÅ丣´Â Ä¡¸í»óÀ» ÀÔ°í ±× ÀÚ¸®¿¡ °ð¹Ù·Î ¾²·¯Áö¸é¼ Èû¾øÀÌ ¸»Çß´Ù.
"³ªÀÇ ½Ãü¸¸Àº µ¹·Á ÁֽÿÀ! ³ªÀÇ ¾çÄ£¿¡°Ô ¸ö°ªÀ» ¹Þ°í µ¹·Á ÁֽÿÀ. ±×¸®°í ³ª·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý Æ®·ÎÀÌ¾Æ ¾Æµé µþµé·ÎºÎÅÍ Àå·Ê¸¦ ¹Þµµ·Ï ÇÏ¿© ÁֽʽÿÀ."
ÀÌ ¸»¿¡ ¾ÆÅ³·¹¿ì½º´Â ´ë´äÇß´Ù.
"³ª»Û³ð °°À¸´Ï. ¸ö°ªÀÌ´Ï µ¿Á¤ÀÌ´Ï, ±× µûÀ§ ¸»Àº µè±âµµ ½È´Ù. ¾ó¸¶³ª ³×°¡ ³ª¿¡°Ô ±«·Î¿òÀ» ³¢Ãƴ°¡¸¦ »ý°¢ÇØ º¸¶ó. ¾ÈµÈ´Ù. ¾î¶°ÇÑ °Íµµ ³ÊÀÇ ½Ãü°¡ °³¹äÀÌ µÇ´Â °ÍÀ» ¸éÇÏ°Ô ÇÏÁö´Â ¸øÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¾Æ¹«¸® ¸ö°ªÀ» ¸¹ÀÌ °¡Á®¿À°í ³ÊÀÇ ¸ö¹«°Ô¿Í ºñµîÇÑ ±ÝÀ» °¡Áö°í ¿Â´Ù ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ ³ª´Â ´Ù °ÅÀýÇϰڴÙ."
ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¸»ÇÏ¸é¼ ¾ÆÅ³·¹¿ì½º´Â ½Ãü¿¡¼ °©¿ÊÀ» ¹þ±â°í ³ë²öÀ¸·Î ¹ßÀ» °á¹ÚÇϰí ÀÌ·ûÀüÂ÷ µÚ¿¡ ¸Å´Þ¾Æ ½Ãü°¡ Áö¸é¿¡ ÁúÁú ²ø·Á°¡µµ·Ï Çß´Ù. ±×¸®°í ³ª¼ ±×´Â ÀÌ·ûÀüÂ÷¿¡ ¿Ã¶ó ¸»¿¡ äÂïÁúÀ» ÇÏ¿© Æ®·ÎÀÌ¾Æ ¼º ¾Õ¿¡¼ ½Ãü¸¦ À̸®Àú¸® ²ø°í ´Ù³æ´Ù. ÀÌ¿Í °°Àº ±¤°æÀ» º» ÇÁ¸®¾Æ¸ð½º ¿Õ°ú ¿ÕÈÄ ÇìÄ«º£ÀÇ ºñÅëÇÑ ¸¶À½À» ¹«¾ùÀ¸·Î½á ´Ù Çü¿ëÇÏ·ª! ½ÅÇϵéÀº ¶Ù¾î³ª°¡·Á´Â ¿ÕÀ» °Ü¿ì Á¦ÁöÇß´Ù. ±×´Â ¶¥¿¡ ¸öÀ» ´øÁö°í ½ÅÇϵéÀÇ À̸§À» ºÎ¸£¸é¼ ³õ¾Æ ÁÖµµ·Ï ¾Ö¿øÇß´Ù. ÇìÄ«º£ÀÇ ½½Çĵµ ¿Õ¿¡ ¸øÁö¾Ê°Ô ²ú¾î¿Ã¶ú´Ù.
½Ã¹ÎµéÀº ¿ï¸é¼ ±×µéÀÇ ÁÖÀ§¿¡ ¼ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¿ïºÎÁþ´Â ¼Ò¸®°¡ ÀÏÀ» Çϰí ÀÖ´Â ½Ã³àµé »çÀÌ¿¡ ¾É¾Æ ÀÖ´ø ÇíÅ丣ÀÇ ¾Æ³» ¾Èµå·Î¸¶ÄÉÀÇ ±Í¿¡µµ µé·Á¿Ô´Ù. ±×³à´Â ºÒ±æÇÔÀ» ¿¹°¨ÇÏ¸é¼ ¼ºº® ÂÊÀ¸·Î ³ª°¬´Ù. ±×°÷¿¡ ¹ú¾îÁø ±¤°æÀ» º¸¾ÒÀ» ¶§, ±×³à´Â Çϸ¶ÅÍ¸é ¼º À§¿¡¼ °Å²Ù·Î ¶³¾îÁú »·ÇßÀ¸³ª ±âÀýÀ» ÇÏ¿© ½Ã³àµéÀÇ ÆÈ ¼Ó¿¡ ¾²·¯Á³´Ù. Á¤½ÅÀÌ µ¹¾Æ¼ÀÚ ±×³à´Â Á¶±¹Àº ¸ê¸ÁÇϰí ÀÚ½ÅÀº Æ÷·Î°¡ µÇ°í ¾ÆµéÀº À̹æÀεéÀÇ µ¿Á¤À» ±¸ÇÏ¸ç °É½ÄÇÏ´Â ±¤°æÀ» ´«¿¡ ±×¸®¸é¼ ÀÚ±âÀÇ ¿î¸íÀ» Åë°îÇß´Ù. |
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When Achilles and the Greeks had taken their revenge on
the killer of Patroclus they busied themselves in paying
due funeral
rites to their friend. A pile was erected, and the
body burned with due solemnity; and then ensued games
of strength and skill, chariot races, wrestling,
boxing and archery. Then the chiefs sat down to the
funeral banquet and after that retired to rest. But
Achilles neither partook of the feast nor of sleep. The
recollection of his lost friend kept him awake,
remembering their companionship in toil and dangers, in
battle or on the perilous deep. Before the earliest dawn
he left his tent, and joining to his chariot his swift
steeds, he fastened Hector's body to be dragged behind.
Twice he dragged him round the tomb of Patroclus, leaving
him at length stretched in the dust. But Apollo would not
permit the body to be torn or disfigured with all this
abuse, but preserved it free from all taint or defilement. |
¾ÆÅ³·¹¿ì½º¿Í ±×¸®½º±ºÀÌ ÆÄÆ®·ÎŬ·Î½º¸¦ Á×ÀÎ ÀÚ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¿ø¼ö¸¦ °±Àº ÈÄ¿¡ ±×µéÀº ÆÄÆ®·ÎŬ·Î½ºÀÇ Àå·Ê½ÄÀ» ÁغñÇÏ´Â µ¥ ºÐ¸ÁÇß´Ù. ³ª¹«´õ¹Ì°¡ ¼¼¿öÁö°í ½Ãü´Â ¾ö¼÷È÷ ÈÀåµÇ¾ú´Ù. ´ÙÀ½ ¿ª±â¿Í ±â¼úÀÇ °æ±â°¡ °ÅÇàµÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ÀÌ·ûÀüÂ÷ °æÁÖ, ·¹½½¸µ, ±ÇÅõ, ±Ã¼ú µîÀ̾ú´Ù. ´ÙÀ½ ¹«ÀåµéÀº Àå·ÊÀÇ Ç⿬¿¡ Âü¼®ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í Àáµµ ÀÚÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. Ä£±¸¸¦ ÀÒÀº »ý°¢ÀÌ ÀáÀ» ¸øÀÌ·ç°Ô Çß´Ù. ÀüÅõ¿Í À§ÇèÇÑ ´ëÇØ¿¡¼, ±×¸®°í ¾ó¸¶³ª ¾î·Á¿î °ï°æ°ú À§ÇèÇÑ °æÁö¿¡¼ °í»ýÀ» °°ÀÌ ÇÏ¿´´ø°¡!
³¯ÀÌ »õ±âµµ Àü¿¡ ±×´Â ¸·»ç¸¦ ³ª¿Í ÀÌ·ûÂ÷¿¡ Áظ¶¸¦ ¸Å°í¼, ÇíÅ丣ÀÇ ½Ãü¸¦ ²ø±â À§ÇØ µÚ¿¡ ´Þ¾Ò´Ù. ±×¸®°í´Â ÆÄÆ®·ÎŬ·Î½ºÀÇ ºÐ¹¦ ÁÖÀ§¸¦ µÎ ¹ÙÄû ²ö µÚ¿¡ ¶¥¿¡ ±×´ë·Î ¹æÄ¡ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¾ÆÆú·ÐÀº ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Çд븦 ¹ÞÀ¸¸é¼µµ ½Ãü°¡ Âõ±â°Å³ª ¼Õ»ó´çÇÏÁö ¾Ê°Ô ÇÏ¿´°í, ¸ðµç ´õ·¯¿ò°ú ¸ðµ¶À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¹æ¾îÇß´Ù. |
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While Achilles indulged his wrath in thus disgracing brave
Hector, Jupiter in pity summoned Thetis to his presence.
He told her to go to her son and prevail on him to restore
the body of Hector to his friends. Then Jupiter sent Iris
to King Priam to encourage him to go to Achilles and beg
the body of his son. Iris
delivered her message, and Priam immediately prepared
to obey. He opened his treasuries and took out rich
garments and cloths, with ten talents in gold and two
splendid tripods and a golden cup of matchless
workmanship. Then he called to his sons and bade them draw
forth his litter and place in it the various articles
designed for a ransom to Achilles. When all was ready, the
old king with a single companion as aged as himself, the
herald Idaeus, drove forth from the gates, parting there
with Hecuba, his queen, and all his friends, who lamented
him as going to certain death. |
¾ÆÅ³·¹¿ì½º°¡ ÀÌ¿Í °°ÀÌ ¿ë°¨ÇÑ ÇíÅ丣¸¦ ¸ðµ¶ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ºÐ³ë¸¦ ǰ°í ÀÖ´Â µ¿¾È¿¡ Á¦¿ì½º´Â ºÒ½ÖÈ÷ ¿©°Ü Åׯ¢½º¸¦ ºÒ·¶´Ù. ±×´Â ±×³à¿¡°Ô ¾ÆµéÇÑÅ×·Î °¡¼ ÇíÅ丣ÀÇ ½Ãü¸¦ Æ®·ÎÀ̾Ʊº¿¡°Ô ¹ÝȯÅä·Ï ¼³µæÇ϶ó°í ºÐºÎÇß´Ù. ±×¸®°í Á¦¿ì½º´Â ¹«Áö°³ÀÇ ¿©½ÅÀ» ÇÁ¸®¾Æ¸ð½º ¿Õ¿¡°Ô ÆÄ°ßÇÏ¿©, ¿ë±â¸¦ ³»¾î ¾ÆÅ³·¹¿ì½ºÇÑÅ× °¡¼ ±×ÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀÇ ½Ãü¸¦ ¹ÝȯÇÒ °ÍÀ» ¿äûÇ϶ó°í ÀÏ·¶´Ù. ¹«Áö°³ÀÇ ¿©½ÅÀÌ ¸»À» ÀüÇÏÀÚ, ÇÁ¸®¾Æ¸ð½º´Â ÀÌ¿¡ º¹Á¾ÇÒ Áغñ¸¦ Çß´Ù.
±×´Â º¸¹° â°í¸¦ ¿°í dzºÎÇÑ ÀǺ¹°ú Á÷¹°°ú ±Ý 10Å»¶õÅæ°ú µÎ °³ÀÇ ÈǸ¢ÇÑ »ï°¢°¡¿Í Àý¹¦ÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µç ±ÝÀÜÀ» ²¨³Â´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¾ÆµéÀ» ºÒ·¯ ÀÚ±âÀÇ °¡¸¶¸¦ ³»³õ°í, ±× ¼Ó¿¡ ¾ÆÅ³·¹¿ì½º¿¡°Ô ¸ö°ªÀ¸·Î ÁöºÒÇÒ ¿¹Á¤ÀÎ ¿©·¯ ¹°°ÇµéÀ» ½Æ°Ô ÇÏ¿´´Ù. Áغñ°¡ ´Ù µÇÀÚ, ´ÄÀº ¿ÕÀº ÀÚ±â¿Í °°Àº ¿¬¹èÀÎ ¸»¸ôÀÌ ÀÌ´ÙÀÌ¿À½º ÇÑ »ç¶÷¸¸À» µ¥¸®°í ¼º¹®¿¡¼ ³ª¿Í ¿ÕÈÄ ÇìÄ«º£ ¹× ¸ðµç Ä£Áöµé°ú ÀÛº°Çߴµ¥, ±×µéÀº ¿ÕÀÌ Á×À¸·¯ °¡´Â °Å³ª ´Ù¸§ÀÌ ¾ø´Ù°í ÇÏ¿© ºñź¿¡ Àá°Ü ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. |
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But Jupiter, beholding with compassion the venerable
king, sent Mercury (Hermes)
to be his guide and protector. Mercury, assuming the form
of a young warrior, presented himself to the aged couple,
and while at the sight of him they hesitated whether to
fly or yield, the god approached, and grasping Priam's
hand offered to be their guide to Achilles' tent. Priam
gladly accepted his offered service, and he, mounting the
carriage, assumed the reins and soon conveyed them to the
tent of Achilles. Mercury's
wand put to sleep all the guards, and without
hindrance he introduced Priam into the tent where Achilles
sat, attended by two of his warriors. The old king threw
himself at the feet of Achilles, and kissed those terrible
hands which had destroyed so many of his sons.
"Think, O Achilles," he said, "of thy own
father, full of days like me, and trembling on the gloomy
verge of life. Perhaps even now some neighbour chief
oppresses him and there is none at hand to succour him in
his distress. Yet doubtless knowing that Achilles lives he
still rejoices, hoping that one day he shall see thy face
again. But no comfort cheers me, whose bravest sons, so
late the flower of Ilium, all have fallen. Yet one I had,
one more than all the rest the strength of my age, whom,
fighting for his country, thou hast slain. I come to
redeem his body, bringing inestimable ransom with me.
Achilles! reverence the gods! recollect thy father! for
his sake show compassion to me!" These
words moved Achilles, and he wept remembering by turns
his absent father and his lost friend. Moved with pity of
Priam's silver locks and beard, he raised him from the
earth, and thus spake: "Priam, I know that thou hast
reached this place conducted by some god, for without aid
divine no mortal even in his prime of youth had dared the
attempt. I grant thy request, moved thereto by the evident
will of Jove." So saying he arose, and went forth
with his two friends, and unloaded of its charge the
litter, leaving two mantles and a robe for the covering of
the body, which they placed on the litter, and spread the
garments over it, that not unveiled it should be borne
back to Troy. Then Achilles dismissed the old king with
his attendants, having first pledged himself to allow a
truce of twelve days for the funeral solemnities. |
±×·¯³ª Á¦¿ì½º´Â ÀÌ ³ë¿Õ(ÒÇèÝ)ÀÇ ¸ð½ÀÀ» º¸°í ºÒ½ÖÈ÷ ¿©°Ü, Ç츣¸Þ½º¸¦ ±×ÀÇ ¾È³»ÀÚ °â º¸È£ÀÚ·Î ÆÄ°ßÇß´Ù. Æä¸£¸Þ½º´Â ÀþÀº ¹«ÀåÀÇ ¸ð½ÀÀ¸·Î ºÐÀåÇÏ°í µÎ ´ÄÀºÀÌ ¾Õ¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù.
±×¸¦ º¸ÀÚ, ±×µéÀº µµ¸ÁÀ» Ä¥±î, Ç׺¹À» ÇÒ±î, ÁÖÀúÇϰí Àִµ¥, ±×´Â Á¢±ÙÇÏ¿© ÇÁ¸®¾Æ¸ð½ºÀÇ ¼ÕÀ» Àâ°í ¾ÆÅ³·¹¿ì½ºÀÇ ¸·»ç·Î ±×µéÀ» ¾È³»ÇÏ¿© ÁÖ¸¶°í Á¦¾ÈÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÇÁ¸®¾Æ¸ð½º°¡ ÄèÈ÷ ÀÌ Á¦¾ÈÀ» ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÌÀÚ, Ç츣¸Þ½º´Â ¸¶Â÷¿¡ ¿Ã¶ó¼ °í»ß¸¦ Àâ°í ¾ó¸¶ ¾È °¡¼ ±×µéÀ» ¾ÆÅ³·¹¿ì½ºÀÇ ¸·»ç·Î µ¥¸®°í °¬´Ù. Ç츣¸Þ½º´Â ±×ÀÇ ÁöÆÎÀÌÀÇ ¸¶·ÂÀ¸·Î ¸ðµç ¼öºñº´µé¿¡ ¾É¾Æ ÀÖ´ø ¾ÆÅ³·¹¿ì½º¿¡°Ô·Î ÇÁ¸®¾Æ¸ð½º¸¦ ¾È³»Çß´Ù. ´ÄÀº ¿ÕÀº ¾ÆÅ³·¹¿ì½ºÀÇ ¹ß ¹Ø¿¡ ¸öÀ» ´øÁö°í ±×ÀÇ ¾ÆµéµéÀ» ¸¹ÀÌ Á×ÀÎ ¹«¼¿î ¼Õ¿¡ Ű½º¸¦ ÇÏ¸ç ¸»Çß´Ù.
¿À! ¾ÆÅ³·¹¿ì½º¿©, ´ç½ÅÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁö°¡ ³ª¿Í °°ÀÌ ´Ä°í ÀλýÀÇ È²È¥±â¿¡ Ã³ÇØ ÀÖ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇØ º¸½Ê½Ã¿À. Áö±ÝÀÌ¶óµµ ÀÌ¿ô ³ª¶óÀÇ ¾î¶² Àå¼ö°¡ ¾Æ¹öÁö¸¦ ¾ï¾ÐÇϰí Àִµ¥, °ç¿¡´Â ¾Æ¹öÁöÀÇ Àç³À» ±¸ÇØ ÁÙ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¾Æ¹«µµ ¾ø´Ù°í »ó»óÇÏ¿© º¸½Ê½Ã¿À. ±×¶§¿¡µµ ¾Æ¹öÁö´Â ¾Æµé ¾ÆÅ³·¹¿ì½º°¡ »ì¾Æ ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¾ðÁ¨°¡´Â ¾Æµé°ú ´ë¸éÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸®¶ó´Â Èñ¸ÁÀ» °¡Áö°í ±â»µÇÒ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ³ª´Â ÃÖ±Ù±îÁö Æ®·ÎÀ̾ÆÀÇ ²ÉÀ̾ú´ø ¾ÆµéµéÀ» ´Ù ÀÒ¾ú±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ¾Æ¹« À§¾Èµµ ¾ø¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¸¶Áö¸· Çϳª°¡ ³²¾Æ ÀÖ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ¾î¶² ¾Æµéº¸´Ùµµ ³ë³âÀÇ ÈûÀÌ µÇ¾ú´ø ¾ÆµéÀ̾ú½À´Ï´Ù¸¸, ±×µµ ³ª¶ó¸¦ À§ÇÏ¿© ½Î¿ì´Ù°¡ ´ç½ÅÀÇ ¼Õ¿¡ °É·Á Á×¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ³ª´Â ±×ÀÇ ¸ö°ªÀ¸·Î ¼¿ ¼ö ¾øÀ» ¸¸Å º¸¹°À» °¡Áö°í ¿Ô½À´Ï´Ù. ¾ÆÅ³·¹¿ì½º¿©, ½ÅµéÀ» µÎ·Á¿öÇϽʽÿÀ! ´ç½ÅÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁö »ý°¢À» ÇØ º¸½Ê½Ã¿À. ±×·± »ý°¢À» ÇØ¼¶óµµ ³ª¸¦ ºÒ½ÖÈ÷ ¿©±â½Ê½Ã¿À!"
ÀÌ·± ¸»Àº ¾ÆÅ³·¹¿ì½º¸¦ °¨µ¿½ÃÄ×´Ù. ±×´Â ¸Ö¸® ¶³¾îÁ® ÀÖ´Â ¾Æ¹öÁö¿Í Á×Àº Ä£±¸¸¦ »ý°¢ÇÏ¸ç ´«¹°À» Èê·È´Ù. ÇÁ¸®¾Æ¸ð½ºÀÇ ¹é¹ßÀ» º¸°í ¾ÆÅ³·¹¿ì½º´Â ¿¬¹ÎÀÇ Á¤À» ±ÝÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø¾î ±×¸¦ ÀÏÀ¸Å°¸é¼ ¸»Çß´Ù.
"ÇÁ¸®¾Æ¸ð½º¿©, ³ª´Â ´ç½ÅÀÌ ¾î¶² ½Å¿¡ ÀεµµÇ¾î À̰÷¿¡ ¿Â ÁÙ ¾Ð´Ï´Ù. ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ½ÅÀÇ ¿øÁ¶ ¾øÀÌ Àΰ£ÀÇ ¸öÀ¸·Î´Â Ç÷±â ¿Õ¼ºÇÑ Ã»³âÀÏÁö¶óµµ °¨È÷ À̰÷¿¡ ¿À·Á°í ÇÏÁö ¸øÇßÀ¸´Ï±î¿ä. ³ª´Â ´ç½ÅÀÇ Ã»À» µé¾î ÁÖ°Ú½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¸°Ô ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ Á¦¿ì½ºÀÇ Àǻ翡 ¼øÁ¾ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÓ¿¡ Ʋ¸²¾øÀ¸´Ï±î¿ä."
ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¸»ÇÏ¸é¼ ±×´Â ÀϾ µÎ Ä£±¸¿Í ´õºÒ¾î ¹ÛÀ¸·Î ³ª°¡ ¸¶Â÷¿¡¼ ´Ù¸¥ ÁüÀº ³»·Á³õ°í ½Ãü¸¦ µ¤À» µÎ ¹úÀÇ ¿ÜÅõ¿Í ÇÑ ¹úÀÇ ¿Ê¸¸À» ³²°Ü ³õ¾Ò´Ù. ±×¸®°í ½Ãü¸¦ ¸¶Â÷¿¡ ¿Ã·Á³õ°í ¿ÜÅõ¿Í ¿ÊÀ¸·Î ½Ãü¸¦ µ¤¾ú´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ½Ãü¸¦ ³ëÃâ½ÃŲ ä Æ®·ÎÀ̾ƿ¡ ¿î¹ÝµÇÁö ¾Ê°Ô Çϱâ À§Çؼ¿´´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¾ÆÅ³·¹¿ì½º´Â Àå·Ê¸¦ À§ÇÏ¿© 12Àϰ£ÀÇ ÈÞÀüÀ» Çã¿ëÇϱâ·Î ¾à¼ÓÇÑ ÈÄ¿¡ ³ë¿Õ°ú ±×ÀÇ ½ÃÁ¾À» ¹°·¯°¡°Ô ÇÏ¿´´Ù. |
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As the litter approached the city and was descried from
the walls, the people poured forth to gaze once more on
the face of their hero. Foremost of all, the mother and
the wife of Hector came, and at the sight of the lifeless
body renewed their lamentations. The people all wept with
them, and to the going down of the sun there was no pause
or abatement of their grief.
The next day preparations
were made for the funeral solemnities. For nine days
the people brought wood and built the pile, and on the
tenth they placed the body on the summit and applied the
torch; while all Troy thronging forth encompassed the
pile. When it had completely burned, they quenched the
cinders with wine, collected the bones and placed them in
a golden urn, which they buried in the earth, and reared a
pile of stones over the spot.
¡¡ |
¸¶Â÷°¡ ¼º³»¿¡ °¡±î¿öÁöÀÚ, ¸Ö¸® ¼º¿¡¼ À̸¦ ¹Ù¶óº¸´ø ±ºÁßÀº ¿µ¿õÀÇ ¾ó±¼À» ´Ù½Ã Çѹø º¸·Á°í ¸ô·Á ³ª¿Ô´Ù.ÇíÅ丣ÀÇ ¾î¸Ó´Ï¿Í ¾Æ³»°¡ Á¦ÀÏ ¸ÕÀú ¿Í¼ ½Ãü¿¡ ´Ù°¡°¡ÀÚ, »õ·Î¿î ºñźÀÇ´«¹°ÀÌ Èê·¯ ³ÑÃÆ´Ù. ±ºÁßµéÀº ±×µé°ú °°ÀÌ ¿ï¾ú°í ÇØ°¡ Áú ¶§±îÁö ¿ïÀ½¼Ò¸®´Â ±×Ä¡Áö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.
ÀÌÀ¹°í ³¯ÀÌ »õÀÚ, Àå·Ê Áغñ°¡ ½ÃÀ۵Ǿú´Ù. 9ÀÏ µ¿¾È »ç¶÷µéÀº ³ª¹«¸¦ °¡Áö°í ¿Í¼ ÈÀå´Ü(ûýí÷Ó¦)À» ½×¾Ò´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¿Èê ¸¸¿¡ ±× À§¿¡ ½Ãü¸¦ ³õ°í ºÒÀ» ´ó°å´Ù. Æ®·ÎÀÌ¾Æ ±ºÁßµéÀº ¸ô·Á³ª¿Í¼ ÈÀå´ÜÀ» µÑ·¯½Õ´Ù. ³ª¹«°¡ ´Ù Ÿ¹ö¸®ÀÚ ±×µéÀº ³²Àº ºÒµ¢ÀÌ¿¡ ¹°À» »Ñ·Á ²ô°í À¯°ñÀ» ¸ð¾Æ Ȳ±Ý Ç׾Ƹ® ¼Ó¿¡ ³ÖÀº ÈÄ¿¡, ¶¥ ¼Ó¿¡ ¹¯°í ±× À§¿¡ µ¹·Î ºÐ(ÝÅ)À» ½×¾Æ ³õ¾Ò´Ù. |
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¡¡"Such honours Ilium to her hero paid,
And peaceful slept the mighty Hector's shade."
(Pope)
[Online Textbook: Barry
Powell, Classical Myth, Chapter 18: The Trojan War,
Part I: The House of Atreus; The Anger of Achilles.
Also see this chapter's Calvin
College Study Guide.]
[Online Textbook: Morford
and Lenardon, Classical Mythology, Chapter 17: The
Trojan Saga. Also see this chapter's Myth
Summary and Topic
Links.]
[see also: The
Epic Cycle]
[see also: The
Trojan War]
[see also: Images
of the Trojan War - Haifa collection]
[see also: Images
of the Trojan War Myth - Temple collection]
[see also: Achaeans
and Trojans - map]
[see also: Geography
of the Iliad - map]
[see also: Apollodorus
summary, XIII - The Iliad. Epitome, IV. 1-8.]
[see also: The
Legend of the Trojan War]
[see also: Homer's
Iliad (complete text - 4 minute download) -
Butler translation]
[see also: Homer's
Iliad (PERSEUS hyperlinked references) - Murray
translation]
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À̸®ÇÏ¿© ¸í¿¹¸¦ Àϸ®¿ÂÀº ±× ¿µ¿õ¿¡°Ô ÁÖ¾ú´Ù.
±×¸®ÇÏ¿© À§´ëÇÑ ÇíÅ丣ÀÇ ¿µÈ¥µµ
ÆòÈ·ÎÀÌ Àáµé¾ú´Ù.
-Æ÷¿ìÇÁ æ»
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Back to Chapter XXVII, Part I
On to Chapter XXVIII |
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