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Æ®·ÎÀÌÀÇ ÇÔ¶ô
(The Fall of Troy)


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BULFINCH'S MYTHOLOGY

THE AGE OF FABLE
OR STORIES OF GODS AND HEROES
by Thomas Bulfinch


CHAPTER XXVIII

THE FALL OF TROY
RETURN OF THE GREEKS
AGAMEMNON, ORESTES, AND ELECTRA

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±×¸®½º ÀεéÀÇ ±Íȯ
¾Æ°¡¸â³í, ¿À·¹½ºÅ×½º, ¿¤·ºÆ®¶ó

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THE FALL OF TROY

Æ®·ÎÀÌÀÇ ÇÔ¶ô

THE story of the Iliad ends with the death of Hector, and it is from the Odyssey and later poems that we learn the fate of the other heroes. After the death of Hector, Troy did not immediately fall, but receiving aid from new allies still continued its resistance. One of these allies was Memnon, the AEthiopian prince, whose story we have already told. Another was Penthesilea, queen of the Amazons, who came with a band of female warriors. All the authorities attest their valour and the fearful effect of their war cry. Penthesilea slew many of the bravest warriors, but was at last slain by Achilles. But when the hero bent over his fallen foe, and contemplated her beauty, youth and valour, he bitterly regretted his victory. Thersites, an insolent brawler and demagogue, ridiculed his grief, and was in consequence slain by the hero.
[see sources: Library of Apollodorus e.5.1 and Notes]

<Àϸ®¾Æµå>ÀÇ À̾߱â´Â ÇíÅ丣ÀÇ Á×À½À¸·Î ³¡³µ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¿ì¸®µéÀÌ ±×¹ÛÀÇ ¿µ¿õµéÀÇ ¿î¸í¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­ ¾Ë·Á¸é <¿Àµ÷¼¼À̾Æ>¸¦ ºñ·ÔÇÑ ±× ÀÌÈÄÀÇ ÀÛǰ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­¸¸ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. ÇíÅ丣°¡ Á×Àº µÚ Æ®·ÎÀ̾ƴ ¹Ù·Î ÇÔ¶ôµÇÁö´Â ¾Ê°í »õ·Î¿î µ¿¸ÍÀڷκÎÅÍ ¿øÁ¶¸¦ ¾ò¾î ÀúÇ×À» °è¼ÓÇß´Ù.
ÀÌµé µ¿¸ÍÀÚ ÁßÀÇ ÇÑ »ç¶÷Àº À̵ð¿ÀÇǾÆÀÇ ¿Õ ¸â³íÀ̾ú´Âµ¥, ±×ÀÇ À̾߱â´Â ¿ì¸®°¡ ÀÌ¹Ì ÇÑ ¹Ù ÀÖ´Ù. ¶Ç ÇÑ »ç¶÷Àº ¾Æ¸¶Á¸ ¿©¿Õ ÆæÅ׽Ƿ¹À̾ƿ´´Âµ¥, ±×³à´Â ¿©ÀÚ¸¸À¸·Î ±¸¼ºµÈ ±º´ë¸¦ À̲ø°í ¿Ô´Ù. ±×³àµéÀÇ ¿ë±â¿Í ÀüÅõÇÒ ¶§ÀÇ ÇÔ¼ºÀÇ ¹«¼­¿î È¿°ú¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­´Â ¿©·¯ ¹®ÇåµéÀÌ ÀÏÄ¡ÇÏ¿© Áõ¸íÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ÆæÅ׽Ƿ¹À̾ƴ °¡Àå ¿ë°¨ÇÑ ¹«ÀåµéÀ» ¸¹ÀÌ ¹«Âñ·¶À¸³ª, Àڽŵµ ¸¶Ä§³» ¾ÆÅ³·¹¿ì½º¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ÇÇ»ìµÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¾ÆÅ³·¹¿ì½º´Â ÀڱⰡ ¾²·¯¶ß¸° ÀûÀå À§¿¡ ¸öÀ» ±¸ºÎ¸®°í, ±× ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿ò°ú ÀþÀ½°ú ¿ë±â¸¦ »ý°¢ÇßÀ» ¶§ ÀÚ±âÀÇ ½Â¸®¸¦ »ÀÀú¸®°Ô ÈÄȸÇÏ¿´´Ù. µ¥¸£½ÃÅ×½º¶ó°í ÇÏ´Â ½Î¿ò ÀßÇÏ°í ±ºÁßÀ» ¼±µ¿ÇÏ´Â ¹«·ÊÇÑ ÀÚ°¡ À̸¦ Á¶¼ÒÇßÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¾ÆÅ³·¹¿ì½º¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÇÇ»ìµÇ¾ú´Ù.

Achilles by chance had seen Polyxena, daughter of King Priam, perhaps on occasion of the truce which was allowed the Trojans for the burial of Hector. He was captivated with her charms, and to win her in marriage agreed to use his influence with the Greeks to grant peace to Troy. While in the temple of Apollo, negotiating the marriage, Paris discharged at him a poisoned arrow, which, guided by Apollo, wounded Achilles in the heel, the only vulnerable part about him. For Thetis his mother had dipped him when an infant in the river Styx, which made every part of him invulnerable except the heel by which she held him.*

* The story of the invulnerability of Achilles is not found in Homer, and is inconsistent with his account. For how could Achilles require the aid of celestial armour if he were invulnerable?
[see sources: Library of Apollodorus 3.13.6 and Notes]

¾ÆÅ³·¹¿ì½º´Â ¿ì¿¬ÇÑ ±âȸ¿¡ ÇÁ¸®¾Æ¸ð½º ¿ÕÀÇ µþ Æú¸¯¼¼³×¸¦ º» ÀÏÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ¾Æ¸¶ Æ®·ÎÀ̾Ʊº¿¡°Ô ÇíÅ丣ÀÇ ¸ÅÀåÀ» À§Çؼ­ Çã¿ëµÈ ÈÞÀü ¶§¿´À» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×´Â ±×³àÀÇ ¸Å·Â¿¡ ¹ÝÇÏ¿© °áÈ¥Çϱ⸦ ¿øÇß´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ ±×¸®½º±ºÀ» ¼³µæÇÏ¿© Æ®·ÎÀ̾Ʊº°úÀÇ ÀüÀïÀ» Á¾½Ä½ÃŰ±â¿¡ Áø·ÂÇÏ¿© ÁÖ¸¶°í ¾à¼ÓÇß´Ù. ±×°¡ ¾ÆÆú·ÐÀÇ ½ÅÀü¿¡¼­ °áÈ¥ ÇùÁ¤À» Çϰí ÀÖÀ» ¶§, ÆÄ¸®½º°¡ ±×¸¦ ÇâÇÏ¿© µ¶¾àÀ» ¹Ù¸¥ È­»ìÀ» ½î¾Ò´Ù. È­»ìÀº ¾ÆÆú·ÐÀÇ Àεµ¸¦ ¹Þ¾Æ ¾ÆÅ³·¹¿ì½ºÀÇ ¸ö °¡¿îµ¥ »óó¸¦ ³¾ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â À¯ÀÏÇÑ °÷ÀÎ ¹ßµÚ²ÞÄ¡¿¡ ¸Â¾Ò´Ù. ±×ÀÇ ¾î¸Ó´Ï Åׯ¢½º´Â ±×°¡ °«³­¾ÆÀÌ¿´À» ¶§, ±×¸¦ ½ºÆ½½º °­¹°¿¡ Àá±â°Ô ÇÏ¿© ±×³à°¡ ¼ÕÀ» ´ë°í ÀÖ´ø ¹ßµÚ²ÞÄ¡¸¦ Á¦¿ÜÇÑ ±×ÀÇ ½ÅüÀÇ ¸ðµç ºÎºÐÀ» »óÇÏ°Ô ÇÒ ¼ö ¾øµµ·Ï ÇÏ¿´¾ú´Ù.

The body of Achilles so treacherously slain was rescued by Ajax and Ulysses. Thetis directed the Greeks to bestow her son's armour on the hero who of all the survivors should be judged most deserving of it. Ajax and Ulysses were the only claimants; a select number of the other chiefs were appointed to award the prize.

ÀÌ·± ¹è¹ÝÀ» ´çÇÏ¿© ÇÇ»ìµÈ ¾ÆÅ³·¹¿ì½ºÀÇ ½Ãü´Â ¾ÆÀ̾ƽº¿Í ¿Àµ÷¼¼¿ì½º¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ±¸ÃâµÇ¾ú´Ù. Åׯ¢½º´Â, ±× ¾ÆµéÀÇ °©¿ÊÀ» ¸ðµç »ýÁ¸ÀÚ Áß¿¡¼­ ±×°ÍÀ» ¹ÞÀ» ¸¸ÇÑ °¡Àå °¡Ä¡°¡ ÀÖ´Ù°í ÀÎÁ¤µÈ ¿µ¿õ¿¡°Ô ÁÖ¶ó°í ±×¸®½º±º¿¡ ¸í·ÉÀ» ³»·È´Ù. ¾ÆÀ̾ƽº¿Í ¿Àµ÷¼¼¿ì½º µÎ »ç¶÷¸¸ÀÌ Èĺ¸ÀÚ·Î ³ª¼¹´Ù. ¹«Àåµé Áß¿¡¼­ ½É»çÀ§¿øÀÌ ¼±Á¤µÇ¾ú´Ù.

It was awarded to Ulysses, thus placing wisdom before valour, whereupon Ajax slew himself. On the spot where his blood sank into the earth a flower sprang up, called the hyacinth, bearing on its leaves the first two letters of the name of Ajax, Ai, the Greek for "woe." 

½É»ç °á°ú, °©¿ÊÀº ¿Àµ÷¼¼¿ì½º¿¡°Ô ¼ö¿©µÇ¾ú´Âµ¥, ±×°ÍÀº ÁöÇý¸¦ ¿ë±âº¸´Ù ´õ ³ôÀÌ Æò°¡Ç߱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ¾ÆÀ̾ƽº´Â ÀÚ»ìÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×ÀÇ Çǰ¡ ¶¥ ¼ÓÀ¸·Î ½º¸çµé¾Æ°£ °÷¿¡¼­ È÷¾Æ½Åµå ²ÉÀÌ ÇÑ ¼ÛÀÌ ÇǾ´Âµ¥, ±× ÀÙ¿¡´Â ¾ÆÀ̾ƽº À̸§ÀÇ Ã³À½ µÎ ±ÛÀÚ, ¾ÆÀÌ(Ai)°¡ »õ°ÜÁ® ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ <¾ÆÀÌ>¶ó´Â ¸»Àº <ºñ¾Ö>¸¦ ¶æÇÏ´Â ±×¸®½º¾îÀÌ´Ù.

Thus Ajax is a claimant with the boy Hyacinthus for the honour of giving birth to this flower. There is a species of Larkspur which represents the hyacinth of the poets in preserving the memory of this event, the Delphinium Ajacis- Ajax's Larkspur.
[see description of flower - Pausanias, Description of Greece 1.35.4]

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It was now discovered that Troy could not be taken but by the aid of the arrows of Hercules. They were in possession of Philoctetes, the friend who had been with Hercules at the last and lighted his funeral pyre. Philoctetes had joined the Grecian expedition against Troy, but had accidentally wounded his foot with one of the poisoned arrows, and the smell from his wound proved so offensive that his companions carried him to the isle of Lemnos and left him there.

Æ®·ÎÀ̾ƴ Çì¶óŬ·¹½ºÀÇ È­»ìÀÇ µµ¿òÀ» ¹ÞÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ÇÔ¶ô½Ãų ¼ö ¾øÀ½ÀÌ ¾Ë·ÁÁ³´Ù. ±× È­»ìÀº Çì¶óŬ·¹½ºÀÇ Ä£±¸·Î¼­ ÃÖÈıîÁö ±×¿Í °°ÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú°í, ±×ÀÇ ½Ãü¸¦ È­ÀåÇÒ ¶§ ºÒÀ» ºÙÀÎ ÇÊ·ÏÅ×Å×½ºÀÇ ¼öÁß¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ ÇÊ·ÏÅ×Å×½º´Â ±×¸®½º±º¿¡ Âü°¡ÇÏ¿©, ¿ì¿¬È÷ µ¶À» ¹Ù¸¥ È­»ì·Î ¹ßÀ» »óÇߴµ¥ Àϼ³¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¸é µ¶»ç¿¡ ¹°·È´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù. ±×ÀÇ »óó·ÎºÎÅÍ ´ë´ÜÇÑ ¾ÇÃë°¡ ¹ßÇÏ¿´À¸¹Ç·Î ±×ÀÇ µ¿·áµéÀº ±×¸¦ ·½³ë½º ¼¶¿¡ µ¥·Á´Ù ³õ¾Ò´Ù.

  Diomed was now sent to induce him to rejoin the army. He succeeded. Philoctetes was cured of his wound by Machaon, and Paris was the first victim of the fatal arrows. In his distress Paris bethought him of one whom in his prosperity he had forgotten. This was the nymph OEnone, whom he had married when a youth, and had abandoned for the fatal beauty Helen. OEnone remembering the wrongs she had suffered, refused to heal the wound, and Paris went back to Troy and died. OEnone quickly repented, and hastened after him with remedies, but came too late, and in her grief hung herself.*

µð¿À¸Þµ¥½º°¡ ±×¿¡°Ô ´Ù½Ã ±º´ë¿¡ Âü°¡Çϵµ·Ï ±ÇÀ¯Çϱâ À§Çؼ­ ÆÄ°ßµÇ¾ú´Âµ¥ ±×´Â ±ÇÀ¯¿¡ ¼º°øÇß´Ù. ¸¶Ä«¿ÂÀÌ ÇÊ·ÏÅ×Å×½ºÀÇ »óó¸¦ Ä¡·áÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×ÈÄ ¿î¸íÀûÀÎ È­»ìÀÇ ÃÖÃÊÀÇ Èñ»ýÀÚ°¡ µÈ °ÍÀº ÆÄ¸®½º¿´´Ù. °íÅëÁß¿¡¼­ ÆÄ¸®½º´Â ÀڱⰡ ¿µÈ­¸¦ ´©¸®°í ÀÖ´Â µ¿¾È¿¡ Àذí ÀÖ´ø ÇÑ »ç¶÷À» »ý°¢ÇØ ³Â´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ±×°¡ Àþ¾úÀ» ¶§, °áÈ¥ÇßÀ¸³ª, ¹®Á¦ÀÇ ¹ÌÀÎ Çï·¹³× ¶§¹®¿¡ ¹ö¸° ¿ÀÀ̳ë³×¶ó´Â ´ÔÆä¿´´Ù. ¿ÀÀ̳ë³×´Â ÆÄ¸®½ºÀÇ ¼ÒÇàÀ» »ý°¢ÇÏ¿© ±×ÀÇ »óó¸¦ Ä¡·áÇØ Áֱ⸦ °ÅÀýÇ߱⠶§¹®¿¡ ÆÄ¸®½º´Â Æ®·ÎÀ̾ƷΠµ¹¾Æ°¡¼­ Á×¾ú´Ù. ÇÑÆí ¿ÀÀ̳ë³×´Â °ð ÈÄȸÇÏ¿© ¾àÀ» °¡Áö°í ±ÞÈ÷ ÆÄ¸®½ºÀÇ µÚ¸¦ µû¶ó°¬À¸³ª, ¶§´Â ÀÌ¹Ì ´Ê¾ú´Ù. ±×³à´Â ½½Ç ³ª¸ÓÁö ¸ñÀ» ¸Å¾î Á×¾ú´Ù.

* Tennyson has chosen OEnone as the subject of a short poem; but he has omitted the most poetical part of the story, the return of Paris wounded, her cruelty and subsequent repentance.

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There was in Troy a celebrated statue of Minerva (Athena) called the Palladium. It was said to have fallen from heaven, and the belief was that the city could not be taken so long as this statue remained within it. Ulysses and Diomed entered the city in disguise and succeeded in obtaining the Palladium, which they carried off to the Grecian camp.
[see sources: theft of Palladium - Library of Apollodorus e.5.13 and Notes]
[see sources: conflicting Greek and Roman accounts - Library of Apollodorus 2.39 and Notes]

Æ®·ÎÀ̾ƿ¡´Â ÆÈ¶óµð¿ÂÀ̶ó ºÎ¸£´Â ¾ÆÅ׳ªÀÇ À¯¸íÇÑ Á¶»ó(ðÁßÀ)ÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº Çϴÿ¡¼­ ¶³¾îÁ³´Ù°í ÀüÇØÁö¸ç, ÀÌ Á¶»óÀÌ Æ®·ÎÀÌ¾Æ ¼º ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÇÑ Æ®·ÎÀ̾ƴ ÇÔ¶ôµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù´Â ½Å³äÀÌ À¯Æ÷µÇ¾ú¾ú´Ù. ¿Àµ÷¼¼¿ì½º¿Í µð¿À¸Þµ¥½º°¡ º¯ÀåÇÏ°í ¼º ¾ÈÀ¸·Î µé¾î°¡ ÆÈ¶óµð¿ÂÀ» Å»ÃëÇÏ´Â µ¥ ¼º°øÇÏ¿©, ±×°ÍÀ» ±×¸®½º±ºÀÇ Áø¿µÀ¸·Î °¡Áö°í °¬´Ù.

But Troy still held out, and the Greeks began to despair of ever subduing it by force, and by advice of Ulysses resolved to resort to stratagem. They pretended to be making preparations to abandon the siege, and a portion of the ships were withdrawn and lay hid behind a neighbouring island. The Greeks then constructed an immense wooden horse, which they gave out was intended as a propitiatory offering to Minerva, but in fact was filled with armed men. The remaining Greeks then betook themselves to their ships and sailed away, as if for a final departure. The Trojans, seeing the encampment broken up and the fleet gone, concluded the enemy to have abandoned the siege. The gates were thrown open, and the whole population issued forth rejoicing at the long-prohibited liberty of passing freely over the scene of the late encampment. The great horse was the chief object of curiosity. All wondered what it could be for. Some recommended to take it into the city as a trophy; others felt afraid of it.
[see sources: Wooden Horse - Library of Apollodorus 2.231 and Notes]

±×·¯³ª Æ®·ÎÀ̾ƴ ¾ÆÁ÷µµ ¹öÅá´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ ±×¸®½º±ºÀº ¹«·ÂÀ¸·Î´Â Æ®·ÎÀ̾Ƹ¦ Á¤º¹ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ±ú´Ý°í ¿Àµ÷¼¼¿ì½ºÀÇ Ãæ°í¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ÇÑ °è·«À» ¾²±â·Î °á½ÉÇß´Ù. ±×µéÀº °ø¼º(Íôàò)À» Æ÷±âÇ× Áغñ¸¦ ÇÏ´Â °Íó·³ ²Ù¹Ì°í ÇÔ¼±ÀÇ ÀϺθ¦ Åð°¢½ÃÄÑ ÀÎÁ¢ÇÑ ¼¶ µÚ¿¡ ¼û±ä ´ÙÀ½, ±×¸®½º±ºÀº °Å´ëÇÏ ¸ñ¸¶¸£ ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×µéÀº ±×°ÍÀ» ¾ÆÅ׳ªÀÇ ºñÀ§¸¦ ¸ÂÃß±â À§ÇÏ¿© ¼±¹°·Î Á¦°øÇÒ °ÍÀ̶ó°í ¼±ÀüÇßÀ¸³ª, »ç½ÇÀº ±× ¼ÓÀ» ¹«ÀåÇÑ ±º´ë·Î ä¿ü´Ù. ±×¹ÛÀÇ ±×¸®½º±ºÀº ÇÔ¼±À¸·Î µ¹¾Æ°¡ Á¤¸» ¶°³ª´Â °Í°°ÀÌ Ãâ¹üÇß´Ù. Æ®·ÎÀ̾ƱºÀº ±×¸®½º±º Áø¿µÀÌ Ã¶¼öÇϰí ÇÔ´ë°¡ ¶°³ª´Â °ÍÀ» º¸°í¼­ ÀûÀÌ °ø¼ºÀ» Æ÷±âÇÏ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿©°å´Ù. ¼º¹®À» Ȱ¦ ¿­°í, ¼º³»ÀÇ ¸ðµç ÁֹεéÀÌ ÃÖ±Ù±îÁö ±×¸®½º±ºÀÌ Áø¿µÀ» Ä¡°í ÀÖ´ø °÷À» ÀÚÀ¯·ÎÀÌ ´Ù´Ò ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¿À·§µ¿¾È ±Ý´ÜµÈ ÀÚÀ¯¸¦ ¾òÀº °ÍÀ» ±â»µÇÏ¸ç ¸ô·Á ³ª¿Ô´Ù. Å« ¸ñ¸¶°¡ È£±â½ÉÀÇ ÁÖµÈ ´ë»óÀ̾ú´Ù. ¹«¾ù¿¡ ¾²´Â °ÍÀϱî ÇÏ°í ¸ðµÎ ÀÌ»óÈ÷ ¿©°å´Ù. ¾î¶² ÀÚµéÀº ±×°ÍÀ» Àü¸®Ç°À¸·Î ¼º ¾ÈÀ¸·Î °¡Áö°í °¡´À °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù°í Çß°í, ´Ù¸¥ ÀÚµéÀº µÎ·Á¿öÇß´Ù.

While they hesitate, Laocoon, the priest of Neptune (Poseidon), exclaims, "What madness, citizens, is this? Have you not learned enough of Grecian fraud to be on your guard against it? For my part, I fear the Greeks even when they offer gifts."* So saying he threw his lance at the horse's side. It struck, and a hollow sound reverberated like a groan. Then perhaps the people might have taken his advice and destroyed the fatal horse and all its contents; but just at that moment a group of people appeared, dragging forward one who seemed a prisoner and a Greek. Stupefied with terror, he was brought before the chiefs, who reassured him, promising that his life should be spared on condition of his returning true answers to the questions asked him. 

±×µéÀÌ ÁÖÀúÇϰí ÀÖÀ» ¶§, ¶ó¿ÀÄÜÀ̶ó´Â Æ÷¼¼À̵·ÀÇ ½Å°üÀÌ ºÎ¸£Â¢¾ú´Ù.
"½Ã¹ÎµéÀÌ¿©, ÀÌ ¹«½¼ ÁþÀΰ¡? ±×¸®½º±ºÀº °£°è¿¡ ´ÉÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ °æ°èÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ±×´ëµéµµ ¾Æ´Â ¹Ù°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ°¡? ³ª °°À¸¸é ±×µéÀÌ ¼±¹°·Î Á¦°øÇÏ´õ¶óµµ µÎ·Á¿öÇϰڴÙ."
ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¸»Çϸ鼭 ±×´Â ¸ñ¸¶ÀÇ ¿·±¸¸®¿¡ âÀ» ´øÁ³´Ù. ºó °Í °°Àº ¼Ò¸®°¡ ½ÅÀ½¼Ò¸®¿Í ÇÔ²² µé·È´Ù. ±×·¯ÀÚ Æ®·ÎÀ̾ƱºµéÀº ÀÌ Ãæ°í¸¦ ¹Þ¾Æµé¿© ¹®Á¦ÀÇ ¸ñ¸¶¿Í ±× ¼Ó¿¡ µé¾î ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ» ÆÄ±«ÇÏ·Á°í Çß´Ù. ±×·±µ¥ ¹Ù·Î ±× ¼ø°£ ÀϱºÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±×¸®½º Àΰ°ÀÌ º¸ÀÌ´Â ÇÑ Á˼ö¸¦ ²ø°í ³ª¿Ô´Ù. ±×´Â µÎ·Á¿ò¿¡ Á¤½ÅÀ» ÀÒ°í, ¹«Àåµé ¾Õ¿¡ ²ø·Á ³ª¿Ô´Ù. ¹«ÀÚµéÀº ¹¯´Â ¸»¿¡ °ÅÁþ ¾øÀÌ ´ë´ä¸¸ ÇÏ¸é »ý¸íÀº ±¸ÇØ ÁÖ¸¶°í ¾à¼ÓÇϸ鼭 ±×ÀÇ ¿ø±â¸¦ ºÏµ¸¾Ò´Ù.

He informed them that he was a Greek, Sinon by name, and that in consequence of the malice of Ulysses he had been left behind by his countrymen at their departure. With regard to the wooden horse, he told them that it was a propitiatory offering to Minerva, and made so huge for the express purpose of preventing its being carried within the city; for Calchas the prophet had told them that if the Trojans took possession of it they would assuredly triumph over the Greeks.

±×´Â ´ë´äÇϱ⸦, ÀÚ±â´Â ½Ã³íÀ̶ó´Â À̸§ÀÇ ±×¸®½ºÀÎÀε¥ ¿Àµ÷¼¼¿ì½º°¡ Àڱ⿡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ¾Ç°¨Á¤À» ǰ°í ÀÖ¾ú±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ±×¸®½º±ºµéÀÌ Åð°ÅÇÒ ¶§ Àڱ⸸ÀÌ ³²°ÜÁ³´Ù´Â °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. ¸ñ¸¶¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­´Â ¸»Çϱ⸦, ±×°ÍÀº ¾ÆÅ׳ªÀÇ ºñÀ§¸¦ ¸ÂÃß±â À§ÇÑ Ç峳ǰÀÌ¿ä, ±×·¸°Ô °Å´ëÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µç °ÍÀº ¼º ³»·Î ¿î¹ÝµÇ´Â °ÍÀ» ¸·±â À§Çؼ­¶ó´Â °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ¿¹¾ðÀÚ Ä®Ä«½º°¡ ±×µé¿¡°Ô ¸»ÇÑ ¹Ù¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¸é ¸ñ¸¶°¡ Æ®·ÎÀ̾Ʊº ¼öÁß¿¡ µé¾î°¡¸é Æ®·ÎÀ̾ƱºÀÌ Æ²¸²¾øÀÌ ½Â¸®ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ̾ú±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.

This language turned the tide of the people's feelings and they began to think how they might best secure the monstrous horse and the favourable auguries connected with it, when suddenly a prodigy occurred which left no room to doubt. There appeared, advancing over the sea, two immense serpents. They came upon the land, and the crowd fled in all directions. The serpents advanced directly to the spot where Laocoon stood with his two sons.

Laocoon and his children in the embrace of the serpents

ÀÌ ¸»À» µèÀÚ, Æ®·ÎÀ̾ƱºÀÇ ½É°æÀº ÀϺ¯ÇÏ¿© ±«»óÇÑ ¸»[Ø©]°ú ±×¿¡ °áºÎµÈ ±æÁ¶¸¦ È®º¸ÇÒ ¹æÃ¥À» °­±¸Çϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. À̶§, µ¹¿¬ ±«ÀÌÇÑ ÀÏÀÌ ÀϾ ´õ¿í´õ ÀǽÉÇÒ ¿©Áö°¡ ¾ø°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. µÎ ¸¶¸®ÀÇ Ä¿´Ù¶õ ¹ìÀÌ ¹Ù´Ù À§¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù. ¹ìÀº À°Áö·Î ÇâÇØ ¿Ô±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ±ºÁßµéÀº »ç¹æÀ¸·Î µµ¸ÁÃÆ´Ù. ¹ìÀº ¶ó¿ÀÄÜÀÌ µÎ ¾ÆµéÀ» µ¥¸®°í ¼­ ÀÖ´Â °÷À¸·Î °ðÀå ¿Í¼­´Â

They first attacked the children, winding round their bodies and breathing their pestilential breath in their faces. The father, attempting to rescue them, is next seized and involved in the serpents' coils. He struggles to tear them away, but they overpower all his efforts and strangle him and the children in their poisonous folds. This event was regarded as a clear indication of the displeasure of the gods at Laocoon's irreverent treatment of the wooden horse, which they no longer hesitated to regard as a sacred object, and prepared to introduce with due solemnity into the city. This was done with songs and triumphal acclamations, and the day closed with festivity. In the night the armed men who were enclosed in the body of the horse, being let out by the traitor Sinon, opened the gates of the city to their friends, who had returned under cover of the night. The city was set on fire; the people, overcome with feasting and sleep, put to the sword, and Troy completely subdued.
* See Proverbial Expressions, no. 6.
[see also: Aeneid, II 212-219 - Virgil's description of the serpents and Laocoon]
[see also: Laocoon reference in Library of Apollodorus e.5.18 and Notes]

¿ì¼± ¾ÆÀ̵éÀ» °ø°ÝÇÏ¿© ±× ¸öÀ» ĪĪ °¨°í ¾ó±¼¿¡ µ¶±â¸¦ ³»»Õ¾ú´Ù. ¾Æ¹öÁö´Â ¾ÆÀ̵éÀ» ±¸ÃâÇÏ·Á°í ³ë·ÂÇßÀ¸³ª ¹ì¿¡ ºÙÀâÇô ±×µµ °¨±â°í ¸»¾Ò´Ù. ±×´Â ¹ìÀ» »Ñ¸®Ä¡·Á°í ÇßÀ¸³ª, ¹ìÀÇ ÈûÀÌ ¿ì¼¼ÇÏ¿© ±×¿Í ±×ÀÇ ¾ÆÀ̵éÀ» µ¶±â¿¡ Âù ¸öÀ¸·Î ĪĪ È־¾Æ ¸ñÀ» Á¹¶ú´Ù. ÀÌ »ç°ÇÀº ¶ó¿ÀÄÜÀÌ ¸ñ¸¶¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¹«·ÊÇÑ ÁþÀ» Ç߱⠶§¹®¿¡ ½ÅµéÀÌ ³ëÇÑ Â¡Á¶·Î °£ÁֵǾú´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ ±×µéÀº ÀÌÁ¦´Â ÁÖÀúÇÔÀÌ ¾øÀÌ ¸ñ¸¶¸¦ ¼º½º·¯¿î ¹°°ÇÀ¸·Î ¿©±â°í Àû´çÇÑ ÀǽÄÀ» °®Ãß¾î ¼º³»·Î ²ø¾îµéÀÏ Áغñ¸¦ Çß´Ù. ÀǽÄÀº ³ë·¡¿Í ½Â¸®ÀÇ È¯È£ ¼Ó¿¡¼­ ÇàÇØÁ³À¸¸ç ¿ÂÁ¾ÀÏ ÀÜÄ¡°¡ °è¼ÓµÇ¾ú´Ù. ¹ãÀÌ µÇ¾î ¸ñ¸¶ÀÇ ¹î¼Ó¿¡ µé¾î ÀÖ´ø ¹«ÀåÇÑ ¹«ÀåµéÀÌ °£Ã¸ ½Ã³í¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ¹ÛÀ¸·Î ³ª¿À°Ô µÇÀÚ, ¾ßÀ½À» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ´ë±âÇϰí ÀÖ´ø ¿ì±º¿¡°Ô ¼º¹®À» ¿­¾î ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ¼º ¾È¿¡¼­´Â ºÒÀÌ ÀϾ°í ÀÜÄ¡¿¡ ÁöÃļ­ ÀáÀÌ µç ¹é¼ºµéÀº Âü»ìµÇ¾ú´Ù. À̸®ÇÏ¿© Æ®·ÎÀ̾ƴ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ Á¤º¹µÇ¾ú´Ù.

One of the most celebrated groups of statuary in existence is that of Laocoon and his children in the embrace of the serpents.

ÇöÁ¸ÇÏ´Â °¡Àå À¯¸íÇÑ ±º»ó(ÏØßÀ) Á¶°¢ÀÇ Çϳª¿¡, Å« ¹ì¿¡ ¸»¸° ¶ó¿ÀÄܰú ÀڽĵéÀÇ Á¶°¢ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. 

The original is in the Vatican at Rome. 

º¸½ºÅæÀÇ ¾ÆÅ״Ͼö¿¡´Â ±× º¹Á¦°¡ Àִµ¥, ¿øÀÛÀº ·Î¸¶ÀÇ ¹ÙƼĭ ±ÃÀü¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù.

The following lines are from the "Childe Harold" of Byron:

"Now turning to the Vatican go see
Laocoon's torture dignifying pain;
A father's love and mortal's agony
With an immortal's patience blending;- vain
The struggle! vain against the coiling strain
And gripe and deepening of the dragon's grasp
The old man's clinch; the long envenomed chain
Rivets the living links; the enormous asp
Enforces pang on pang and stifles gasp on gasp."

¡¡

The comic poets will also occasionally borrow a classical allusion. The following is from Swift's "Description of a City Shower":

"Boxed in a chair the beau impatient sits,
While spouts run clattering o'er the roof by fits,
And ever and anon with frightful din
The leather sounds; he trembles from within.
So when Troy chairmen bore the wooden steed
Pregnant with Greeks impatient to be freed,
(Those bully Greeks, who, as the moderns do,
Instead of paying chairmen, run them through);
Laocoon struck the outside with a spear,
And each imprisoned champion quaked with fear."

¡¡

King Priam lived to see the downfall of his kingdom and was slain at last on the fatal night when the Greeks took the city. He had armed himself and was about to mingle with the combatants, but was prevailed on by Hecuba, his aged queen, to take refuge with herself and his daughters as a suppliant at the altar of Jupiter. While there, his youngest son Polites, pursued by Pyrrhus (Neoptolemus), the son of Achilles, rushed in wounded, and expired at the feet of his father; whereupon Priam, overcome with indignation, hurled his spear with feeble hand against Pyrrhus,* and was forthwith slain by him.
[see also: Sack of Troy - Library of Apollodorus e.5.22 and Notes]

ÇÁ¸®¸ð¾Æ½º ¿ÕÀº ±×ÀÇ ¿Õ±¹ÀÌ ¸ê¸ÁÇÒ ¶§±îÁö »ì¾ÒÀ¸³ª, ¼º³»°¡ ±×¸®½º±º¿¡ Á¡·É´çÇÏ´ø ³¯ ¹ã¿¡ ÇÇ»ìµÇ¾ú´Ù. ÇÇ»ìµÇ±â Àü¿¡ ±×´Â ¹«ÀåÀ» ÇÏ°í ¿ë»çµé°ú °°ÀÌ ½Î¿ì·Á°í ÇßÀ¸³ª ´ÄÀº ¿ÕÈÄ ÇìÄ«º£¿¡°Ô ¼³µæ´çÇÏ¿© ±×³à ¹× µþµé°ú ´õºÒ¾î Á¦¿ì½ºÀÇ Á¦´ÜÀ¸·Î Çdz­ÇÏ¿© ź¿øÇß´Ù. ±×µ¿¾È¿¡ ±×ÀÇ ¸·³»¾Æµé Æú¸®Å×½º°¡ ¾ÆÅ³·¹¿ì½ºÀÇ ¾Æµé ÇǷνº¿¡°Ô Ãß°Ý´çÇÏ¿© ºÎ»óÀ» ÀÔ°í ±×°÷À¸·Î µ¹ÁøÇØ ¿Í¼­ ¾Æ¹öÁöÀÇ ¹ß ¹Ø¿¡¼­ Àý¸íÇß´Ù. ÇÁ¸®¾Æ¸ð½º´Â °ÝºÐÇÏ¿© ÇǷνº¸¦ ÇâÇÏ¿© Èû¾øÀÌ Ã¢À» ´øÁ³À¸³ª, ¿ÀÈ÷·Á ÇÇ»ìµÇ¾ú´Ù.

* Pyrrhus's exclamation, "Not such aid nor such defenders does the time require," has become proverbial. See Proverbial Expressions, no. 7.

¡¡

¡¡

Queen Hecuba and her daughter Cassandra were carried captives to Greece. Cassandra had been loved by Apollo, and he gave her the gift of prophecy; but afterwards offended with her, he rendered the gift unavailing by ordaining that her predictions should never be believed. Polyxena, another daughter, who had been loved by Achilles, was demanded by the ghost of that warrior, and was sacrificed by the Greeks upon his tomb.
[see also: Cassandra: A Woman's Place Is in the Wrong]
[see also: Hecuba by Euripides]
[see also: The Trojan Women by Euripides]
[see also: Trojan Women and Trojan Horse and The Oath of Ajax - reconstruction of Polygnotos painting with commentary]

ÇìÄ«º£¿Í µþ Ä«»êµå¶ó´Â Æ÷·Î°¡ µÇ¾î ±×¸®½º·Î ¿¬ÇàµÇ¾ú´Ù. Ä«»êµå¶ó´Â ¾ÆÆú·ÐÀÇ »ç¶ûÀ» ¹Þ°í ¾ÆÆú·ÐÀº ±×³à¿¡°Ô ¿¹¾ðÀÇ ´É·ÂÀ» ºÎ¿©Çß´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¾ÆÆú·ÐÀº ±×³à¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© ±âºÐÀ» »óÇÑ ÀÏÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ±×³àÀÇ ¿¹¾ðÀ» ÀûÁßÇÏÁö ¾Ê°Ô ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ ÇÑ µþ Æú¸¯¼¼³×´Â ¾ÆÅ³·¹¿ì½º°¡ »ýÀü¿¡ »ç¶ûÇÑ ÀÏÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Âµ¥, ±×ÀÇ »çÈÄ ±×ÀÇ ¸Á·É¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ¿ä±¸µÇ¾î ±×¸®½º±º¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ±×ÀÇ ¹¦ ¾Õ¿¡ Èñ»ý¹°·Î Á¦°øµÇ¾ú´Ù.


MENELAUS AND HELEN


¸Þ³Ú¶ó¿À½º¿Í Çï·¹³×

Our readers will be anxious to know the fate of Helen, the fair but guilty occasion of so much slaughter. On the fall of Troy Menelaus recovered possession of his wife, who had not ceased to love him, though she had yielded to the might of Venus (Aphrodite) and deserted him for another. After the death of Paris she aided the Greeks secretly on several occasions, and in particular when Ulysses and Diomed entered the city in disguise to carry off the Palladium.

Menelaus recovers Helen

µ¶ÀÚ´Â À̰°ÀÌ ¸¹Àº »ìÀ°ÀÇ ¿øÀÎÀÌ µÈ, ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿ì³ª Á˸¹Àº Çï·¹³×ÀÇ ¿î¸íÀ» ¾Ë°í ½Í¾î ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Æ®·ÎÀ̾ư¡ ÇÔ¶ôµÇÀÚ ¸Þ³Ú¶ó¿À½º´Â ±×ÀÇ ¾Æ³»¸¦ ´Ù½Ã ¼ÒÀ¯ÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×³à´Â ¾ÆÇÁ·ÎµðÅ×ÀÇ Èû¿¡ Á¤º¹µÇ¾î ³²ÆíÀ» ¹ö¸®°í ´Ù¸¥ ³²ÀÚ¿¡°Ô·Î °£ ÀÏÀÌ ÀÖ¾úÀ¸³ª, Àü°ú ´Ù¸§¾øÀÌ ³²ÆíÀ» »ç¶ûÇß´Ù. ÆÄ¸®½º°¡ Á×Àº µÚ¿¡´Â ±×³à´Â ¶§¶§·Î ºñ¹ÐÈ÷ ±×¸®½º±ºÀ» ¿øÁ¶Çߴµ¥, ƯÈ÷ ¿Àµ÷¼¼¿ì½º¿Í µð¿À¸Þµ¥½º°¡ ÆÈ¶óµð¿ÂÀ» Å»ÃëÇÏ°Ô À§ÇÏ¿© º¯ÀåÀ» ÇÏ°í ¼º ³»¿¡ µé¾î¿ÔÀ» ¶§, ±×·¯Çß´Ù. 

She saw and recognized Ulysses, but kept the secret and even assisted them in obtaining the image. Thus she became reconciled to her husband, and they were among the first to leave the shores of Troy for their native land. But having incurred the displeasure of the gods they were driven by storms from shore to shore of the Mediterranean, visiting Cyprus, Phoenicia and Egypt. In Egypt they were kindly treated and presented with rich gifts, of which Helen's share was a golden spindle and a basket on wheels. The basket was to hold the wool and spools for the queen's work.

±×³à´Â ¿Àµ÷¼¼¿ì½º¸¦ º¸ÀÚ, ±× Á¤Ã¼¸¦ °£ÆÄÇßÀ¸³ª, ºñ¹ÐÀ» ÁöÄ×À» »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ÆÈ¶óµð¿ÂÀ» ÀÔ¼öÇϴµ¥ Á¶·ÂÇß´ø °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ ±×³à¿Í ³²Æí°úÀÇ È­ÇØ´Â ¼º¸³µÇ°í ¾çÀÎÀº ¼±¹ß´ë¿¡ ³¢¿© Æ®·ÎÀÌ¾Æ ÇØ¾ÈÀ» ¶°³ª °í±¹À¸·Î ÇâÇß´Ù.
±×·¯³ª ±×µéÀº ½ÅµéÀÇ ±âºÐÀ» »óÇÏ°Ô ÇÑ ÀÏÀÌ ÀÖ¾î, ÆøÇ³¿ì¸¦ ¸¸³ª ÁöÁßÇØ ¿¬¾ÈÀ» À̸®Àú¸® Ç¥·ùÇϸç ŰÇÁ·Î½º, Æä´ÏŰ¾Æ, ÀÌÁýÆ®¿¡ µé·¶´Ù. ÀÌÁýÆ®¿¡¼­´Â ȯ´ë¸¦ ¹Þ°í, ¶Ç ¸¹Àº ¼±¹°À» ¹Þ¾Ò´Âµ¥, ±×Áß Çï·¹³×°¡ Â÷ÁöÇÑ °ÍÀº ±ÝÀ¸·Î ¸¸µç ¹æÃß(Û·õÞ)¿Í ¹ÙÄû°¡ ´Þ¸° ¹Ù±¸´Ï¿´´Ù. ±× ¹Ù±¸´Ï´Â ¾ç¸ð¿Í ½ÇÆÐ¸¦ ³Ö±â À§ÇÑ °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù.

Dyer, in his poem of the "Fleece," thus alludes to this incident:

"...many yet adhere
To the ancient distaff, at the bosom fixed,
Casting the whirling spindle as they walk.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
This was of old, in no inglorious days,
The mode of spinning, when the Egyptian prince
A golden distaff gave that beauteous nymph,
Too beauteous Helen; no uncourtly gift."

Milton also alludes to a famous recipe for an invigorating draught, called Nepenthe, which the Egyptian queen gave to Helen:

"Not that Nepenthes which the wife of Thone
In Egypt gave to Jove-born Helena,
Is of such power to stir up joy as this,
To life so friendly or so cool to thirst."
(Comus)

¡¡

Menelaus and Helen at length arrived in safety at Sparta, resumed their royal dignity, and lived and reigned in splendour; and when Telemachus, the son of Ulysses, in search of his father, arrived at Sparta, he found Menelaus and Helen celebrating the marriage of their daughter Hermione to Neoptolemus, son of Achilles.
[see also: Conflicting Views of Helen]
[see also: Helen by Euripides]

¸Þ³Ú¶ó¿À½º¿Í Çï·¹³×´Â ¸¶Ä§³» ¹«»çÈ÷ ½ºÆÄ¸£Å¸¿¡ µµÂøÇÏ¿© ´Ù½Ã ¿ÕÀ§¿¡ ¿À¸£°í ¿µÈ­¸¦ ´©·È´Ù. ¿Àµ÷¼¼¿ì½ºÀÇ ¾Æµé ÅÚ·¹¸¶ÄÚ½º°¡ ±×ÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁö¸¦ ãÀ¸·¯ ½ºÆÄ¸£Å¸¿¡ µµÂøÇßÀ» ¶§ ¸Þ³Ú¶ó¿À½º¿Í Çï·¹³×´Â µþ Ç츣¹Ì¿À³×¿Í ¾ÆÅ³·¹¿ì½ºÀÇ ¾Æµé ³×¿ÉƲ·¹¸ð½º¿Í °áÈ¥½ÄÀ» °ÅÇàÇϰí ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.


AGAMEMNON, ORESTES, AND ELECTRA


¾Æ°¡¸â³í°ú ¿À·¹½ºÅ×½º¿Í ¿¤·ºÆ®¶ó

Agamemnon, the general-in-chief of the Greeks, the brother of Menelaus, and who had been drawn into the quarrel to avenge his brother's wrongs, not his own, was not so fortunate in the issue. During his absence his wife Clytemnestra had been false to him, and when his return was expected, she with her paramour, AEgisthus, laid a plan for his destruction, and at the banquet given to celebrate his return, murdered him.

±×¸®½º±ºÀÇ ÃÑÁöÈÖÀÚ¿´´ø ¾Æ°¡¸â³íÀº ¸Þ³Ú¶ó¿À½ºÀÇ ÇüÀÌ´Ù. ±×´Â µ¿»ýÀ» À§ÇØ º¹¼öÀü¿¡ Âü°¡ÇßÀ¸³ª, ±×ÀÇ ÃÖÈÄ´Â µ¿»ýó·³ ÇູÇÏÁö ¸øÇß´Ù. ±×°¡ ÁýÀ» ºñ¿î »õ ¾Æ³» Ŭ¸®Å¸ÀÓ³×½ºÆ®¶ó´Â ºÒÀÇÇÑ ÁþÀ» ÇÏ°í ±×°¡ ±ÍȯÇÒ ³¯Â¥°¡ °¡±î¿öÁöÀÚ Á¤ºÎ(ï×Üý) ¾ÆÀ̱âÅ佺¿Í °ø¸ðÇÏ¿© ³²ÆíÀ» ¾ø¾Ö¹ö¸± À½¸ð¸¦ ²Ù¸ì´Ù. ±×¸®ÇÏ¿© ±×ÀÇ ±ÍȯÀ» ÃàÇÏÇÏ´Â ¿¬È¸¼®»ó¿¡¼­ ±×¸¦ Á׿´´Ù.

It was intended by the conspirators to slay his son Orestes also, a lad not yet old enough to be an object of apprehension, but from whom, if he should be suffered to grow up, there might be danger. Electra, the sister of Orestes, saved her brother's life by sending him secretly away to his uncle Strophius, King of Phocis. In the palace of Strophius Orestes grew up with the king's son Pylades, and formed with him that ardent friendship which bas become proverbial. Electra frequently reminded her brother by messengers of the duty of avenging his father's death, and when grown up he consulted the oracle of Delphi, which confirmed him in his design. 

Orestes and Electra at the tomb of Agamemnon

°ø¸ðÀÚµéÀº ¾Æ°¡¸â³íÀÇ ¾Æµé ¿À·¹½ºÅ×½ºµµ Á×ÀÏ ÀÛÁ¤À̾ú´Ù. ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ¾ÆÁ÷Àº ¾î·Á¼­ °ÆÁ¤ÇÒ °ÍÀº ¾ø¾úÀ¸³ª, ±×°¡ ¼ºÀåÇϸé ÈÄȯÀÌ µÎ·Á¿ü±â ¶§¹®À̾ú´Ù.
±×·¯³ª ¿À·¹½ºÅ×½ºÀÇ ´©ÀÌ ¿¤·ºÆ®¶ó´Â ±×¸¦ ºñ¹Ð¸®¿¡ Æ÷Ű½ºÀÇ ¿ÕÀÎ ¼÷ºÎ ½ºÆ®·ÎÇÇ¿À½º¿¡°Ô·Î º¸³»¾î ±×ÀÇ »ý¸íÀ» ±¸Çß´Ù.
¿À·¹½ºÅ×½º´Â ½ºÆ®·ÎÆÛ¿À½ºÀÇ ±ÃÀü¿¡¼­ ¿ÕÀÚ Çʶ󵥽º¿Í ÇÔ²² ¼ºÀåÇߴµ¥, ±×µé »çÀÌÀÇ ¿­·ÄÇÑ ¿ìÁ¤Àº ¿À´Ã³¯¿¡µµ ¼Ó´ãÀ¸·Î ³²¾Æ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¤·ºÆ®¶ó´Â Á¾Á¾ »çÀÚ¸¦ º¸³»¾î µ¿»ý¿¡°Ô ¾Æ¹öÁöÀÇ ¿ø¼ö¸¦ °±À¸¶ó°í ¸î ¹øÀÌ°í »ó±â½ÃÄ×´Ù. ¿À·¹½ºÅ×½º´Â ¼ºÀåÇÏ¿© µ¨Æ÷ÀÌÀÇ ½ÅŹ¿¡ ¹®ÀÇÇß´Ù. ±×·¯ÀÚ ½ÅŹÀº ´õ¿í ±×ÀÇ º¹¼öÀÇ °á½ÉÀ» °ø°íÈ÷ Çϵµ·Ï Çß´Ù.

He therefore repaired in disguise to Argos, pretending to be a messenger from Strophius, who had come to announce the death of Orestes*, and brought the ashes of the deceased in a funeral urn. After visiting his father's tomb and. sacrificing upon it, according to the rites of the ancients he made himself known to his sister Electra, and soon after slew both AEgisthus and Clytemnestra.
*[see source: Aeschylus' Libation Bearers 650 (Orestes reports his own "death")]
[see also: Sophocles' Electra 680-763 (Orestes has his "death" reported by the Paedagogus)]

±×·¡¼­ ±×´Â º¯ÀåÀ» ÇÏ°í ¾Æ¸£°í½º¿¡ °¡¼­ ½ºÆ®·ÎÇÇ¿À½ºÀÇ »çÀÚ¶ó »çĪÇϰí, ¿À·¹½ºÅ×½ºÀÇ »ç¸ÁÀ» ¾Ë¸®·¯ ¿ÔÀ¸¸ç °íÀÎÀÇ À¯°ñÀ» À¯°ñÇÔ¿¡ ³Ö¾î °¡Áö°í ¿Ô´Ù°í ¸»Çß´Ù. ±×´Â ¾Æ¹öÁöÀÇ ¹¦¿¡ ¼º¹¦ÇÏ°í ´ç½ÃÀÇ °ü½À¿¡ µû¶ó¼­ Á¦¹°À» ¹ÙÄ£ µÚ¿¡ ´©ÀÌ ¿¤·ºÆ®¶ó¿¡°Ô ÀÚ±âÀÇ Á¤Ã¼¸¦ ¹àÇû´Ù. ±×¸®°í °ð ¹Ù·Î ¾ÆÀ̱⽺Å佺¿Í Ŭ¸®Å¸ÀÓ³×½ºÆ®¶ó¸¦ Âü»ìÇß´Ù.

This revolting act, the slaughter of a mother by her son, though alleviated by the guilt of the victim and the express command of the gods, did not fail to awaken in the breasts of the ancients the same abhorrence that it does in ours. The Eumenides, avenging deities, seized upon Orestes, and drove him frantic from land to land. Pylades accompanied him in his wanderings and watched over him. At length, in answer to a second appeal to the oracle, he was directed to go to Tauris in Scythia, and to bring thence a statue of Diana which was believed to have fallen from heaven. Accordingly Orestes and Pylades went to Tauris, where the barbarous people were accustomed to sacrifice to the goddess all strangers who fell into their hands. The two friends were seized and carried bound to the temple to be made victims. But the priestess of Diana was no other than Iphigenia, the sister of Orestes, who, our readers will remember, was snatched away by Diana at the moment when she was about to be sacrificed. Ascertaining from the prisoners who they were, Iphigenia disclosed herself to them, and the three made their escape with the statue of the goddess, and returned to Mycenae.

ÀÚ½ÄÀÌ ±×ÀÇ ¾î¸Ó´Ï¸¦ Á׿´´Ù´Â ÀÌ ÆÐ·ûÇàÀ§´Â ºñ·Ï ±×°ÍÀÌ ÇÇ»ìµÈ ÀÚÀÇ Á˾ǰú ½ÅµéÀÇ ¸í·É¿¡ ¿¬À¯ÇÑ °ÍÀ̹ǷΠ¼ö±àÇÒ Á¡ÀÌ ÀüÇô ¾ø´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ÇÒÁö¶óµµ, ¿ª½Ã ¿¾ »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¸¶À½¿¡µµ ¿À´Ã³¯ÀÇ ¿ì¸®µéÀÌ Áö´Ï°í ÀÖ´Â °Í°ú °°Àº Çø¿À°¨À» ºÒ·¯ÀÏÀ¸Å°Áö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ¾ø¾úÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. º¹¼öÀÇ ¿©½Å ¿¡¿ì¸Þ´ÏÅ×½ºµéÀº ¿À·¹½ºÅ×½º¸¦ ºÙÀâ¾Æ ¹ÌÄ¡°Ô ÇÏ¿© °¢Ã³¸¦ À¯¶ûÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ¿´´Ù. Çʶ󵥽º´Â ±×ÀÇ À¯¶û¿¡ µ¿¹ÝÇÏ¿© µÚ¸¦ µ¹º¸¾Æ ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ¸¶Ä§³» Çϴ÷κÎÅÍ Ãß¶ôÇÏ¿´´Ù°í ÀüÇØÁö´Â ¾Æ¸£Å׹̽ºÀÇ »óÀ» °¡Áö°í ¿À¶ó´Â °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. ½ÅŹ¿¡ ÀÀÇÏ¿© ¿À·¹½ºÅ×½º¿Í Çʶ󵥽º´Â Ÿ¿ì¸®½º·Î °¬´Âµ¥, ±×°÷¿¡¼­´Â ¾ß¸¸½º·± ÁֹεéÀÌ ±×µé ¼öÁß¿¡ ¶³¾îÁø ¸ðµç À̹æÀÎÀ» ¾Æ¸£Å׹̽º¿¡°Ô Èñ»ý¹°·Î Á¦°øÇÏ´Â °ü½ÀÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. µÎ Ä£±¸´Â ºÙÀâÇô ¸öÀ» °á¹Ú´çÇÏ°í¼­ Èñ»ý¹°·Î¼­ ½ÅÀüÀ¸·Î ¿î¹ÝµÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×·±µ¥ ÀÌ ½ÅÀüÀÇ »çÁ¦´Â ´Ù¸§¾Æ´Ñ ÀÌÇǰԳ×À̾ƿ´´Ù. ±×³à´Â ¿À·¹½ºÅ×½ºÀÇ ´©À̷μ­ µ¶ÀÚµµ ±â¾ïÇÒ °ÍÀÌÁö¸¸, Á¦¹°·Î Èñ»ýµÇ·Á°í ÇÒ ¼ø°£¿¡ ¾Æ¸£Å׹̽º¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ³³Ä¡µÇ¾ú´ø ¿©ÀÎÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ²ø·Á¿Â Á˼öµé·ÎºÎÅÍ ±×µéÀÌ ´©±¸Àΰ¡¸¦ ŽÁöÇÏÀÚ, ÀÌÇǰԳ×À̾Ƶµ ÀÚ±âÀÇ ½ÅºÐÀ» ±×µé¿¡°Ô ¹àÈ÷°í ¼¼ »ç¶÷Àº ¿©½Å»óÀ» °¡Áö°í ¹ÌÄɳªÀÌ·Î µ¹¾Æ¿Ô´Ù. 

But Orestes was not yet relieved from the vengeance of the Erinyes. At length he took refuge with Minerva at Athens. The goddess afforded him protection, and appointed the court of Areopagus to decide his fate. The Erinyes brought forward their accusation, and Orestes made the command of the Delphic oracle his excuse. When the court voted and the voices were equally divided, Orestes was acquitted by the command of Minerva.
[see sources: Library of Apollodorus e.625 and Notes]
[see also: The Legal Influence of the Delphic Oracle]

±×·¯³ª ¿À·¹½ºÅ×½º´Â ¾ÆÁ÷µµ º¹¼öÀÇ ½Åµé ¼öÁß¿¡¼­ ¹þ¾î³ªÁö ¸øÇß´Ù. ¸¶Ä§³» ±×´Â ¾ÆÅ׳׿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¾ÆÅ׳ª¿¡°Ô ±¸¿øÀ» ¿äûÇß´Ù. ¿©½ÅÀº ±×¸¦ º¸È£ÇØ ÁÖ¾ú°í, ¾Æ·¹¿ÀÆÄ°í½º ¹ýÁ¤¿¡¼­ ±×ÀÇ ¿î¸íÀ» ÀçÆÇÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¿¡¿ì¸Þ´ÏÅ×½ºµéÀº ±×¸¦ ±â¼ÒÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×·¯ÀÚ ¿À·¹½ºÅ×½º´Â µ¨Æ÷ÀÌ ½ÅŹÀÇ ¸í·É¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ °ÍÀ̶ó°í º¯¸íÇß´Ù. Àç°áÀ» ÇÏÀÚ, Âù¹ÝÀÇ ¼ö°¡ °°¾ÒÀ¸¹Ç·Î ¿À·¹½ºÅ×½º´Â ¾ÆÅ׳ªÀÇ ¸í·É¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ¹æ¸éµÇ¾ú´Ù.

Byron, in "Childe Harold," Canto IV., alludes to the story of Orestes:

"O thou who never yet of human wrong
Left the unbalanced scale, great Nemesis!
Thou who didst call the Furies from the abyss,
And round Orestes bade them howl and hiss,
For that unnatural retribution,-just
Had it but been from hands less near,- in this,
Thy former realm, I call thee from the dust!"

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One of the most pathetic scenes in the ancient drama is that in which Sophocles represents the meeting of Orestes and Electra, on his return from Phocis. Orestes, mistaking Electra for one of the domestics, and desirous of keeping his arrival a secret till the hour of vengeance should arrive, produces the urn in which his ashes are supposed to rest. Electra, believing him to be really dead, takes the urn and, embracing it, pours forth her grief in language full of tenderness and despair.

±×¸®½º °íÀü±Ø Áß¿¡¼­ °¡Àå ºñÀåÇÑ Àå¸éÀÇ Çϳª´Â ¼ÒÆ÷Ŭ·¹½º°¡ ±×¸° ¿À·¹½ºÅ×½º¿Í ¿¤·ºÆ®¶ó¿ÍÀÇ È¸ÇÕ Àå¸éÀÌ´Ù. ¸¶Ä§ ¿À·¹½ºÅ×½º°¡ Æ÷Ű½º¿¡¼­ µ¹¾Æ¿Â ¶§ÀÌ´Ù. ±×´Â ¿¤·ºÆ®¶ó¸¦ Çϳà·Î À߸ø ¾Ë°í ¶Ç ÀÚ±âÀÇ ±ÍȯÀ» º¹¼öÀÇ ±âȸ°¡ ¿Ã ¶§±îÁö ºñ¹Ð·Î ÇØµÎ±â·Î Çϰí, ÀÚ±âÀÇ À¯¹°ÀÌ µé¾î ÀÖ´Â º´À» ³» ³õ¾Ò´Ù. ¿¤·ºÆ®¶ó´Â ±×°¡ Á×Àº ÁÙ¸¸ ¾Ë°í ±× º´À» °¡½¿¿¡ ²ø¾î¾ÈÀ¸¸ç ½½ÇÄÀ» Åä·ÎÇß´Ù.

Milton in one of his sonnets, says:

"...The repeated air
Of sad Electra's poet had the power
To save the Athenian walls from ruin bare."

This alludes to the story that when, on one occasion, the city of Athens was at the mercy of her Spartan foes, and it was proposed to destroy it, the thought was rejected upon the accidental quotation, by some one, of a chorus of Euripides.
[see source: Plutarch, Lysander, 15.3]
[see also: "Saving the Athenian Walls: the Historical Accuracy of Milton's Sonnet 8" by John Leonard]

[see also: Agamemnon by Aeschylus]
[see also: The Libation Bearers by Aeschylus]
[see also: The Eumenides by Aeschylus]
[see also: Lecture on the Oresteia]
[see also: Aeschylus' Agamemnon (commentary)]
[see also: House of Atreus Lecture Notes]
[see also: Electra by Sophocles]
[see also: Electra by Euripides]
[see also: Orestes by Euripides]
[see also: earliest reference to Orestes: Homer's Odyssey]
[see also: Web Resources for the Oresteia]

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TROY


Æ®·ÎÀÌ

After hearing so much about the city of Troy and its heroes, the reader will perhaps be surprised to learn that the exact site of that famous city is still a matter of dispute. There are some vestiges of tombs on the plain which most nearly answers to the description given by Homer and the ancient geographers, but no other evidence of the former existence of a great city.
[see also: Excavating Troy]
[see also: Troy VII and the Historicity of the Trojan War ]
[see also: Troy (Truva) Home Page]
[see also: Heinrich Schliemann: Heros & Mythos]
[see also: Troy]

Æ®·ÎÀÌ¾Æ ½Ã¿Í ±× ¿µ¿õµé¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­ ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¸¹Àº À̾߱⸦ µéÀº µÚ¿¡ µ¶ÀÚ´Â ÀÌ À¯¸íÇÑ µµ½ÃÀÇ Á¤È®ÇÑ À§Ä¡°¡ ¾ÆÁ÷µµ ¹àÇôÁöÁö ¾Ê°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â ¸»À» µéÀ¸¸é ³î¶ö °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿À´Ã³¯ È£¸Þ·Î½º¿Í °í´ë Áö¸®ÇÐÀÚµéÀÇ ±â¼ú¿¡ °¡Àå Àß µé¾î¸Â´Â Æò¿ø¿¡´Â ºÐ¹¦ÀÇ ÈçÀûÀº ÀÖÀ¸³ª, Å« µµ½ÃÀÇ ÈçÀûÀº ¾ø´Ù.

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Byron thus describes the present appearance of the scene:

"The winds are high, and Helle's tide
Rolls darkly heaving to the main;
And night's descending shadows hide
That field with blood bedewed in vain,
The desert of old Priam's pride,
The tombs, sole relics of his reign.
All- save immortal dreams that could beguile
The blind old man of Scio's rocky isle."
(Bride of Abydos)


[Online Textbook: Barry Powell, Classical Myth, Chapter 19: The Trojan War, Part II: The Fall of Troy; The Return of Agamemnon. Also see this chapter's Calvin College Study Guide.]
[Online Textbook: Morford and Lenardon, Classical Mythology, Chapter 18: The Returns. Also see this chapter's Myth Summary and Topic Links.]

[see also: Images of the Trojan War - Haifa collection]
[see also: Images of the Trojan War Myth - Temple collection]
[see also: Returns of the Achaean Leaders - map with commentary]
[see also: Geography of the Iliad - map]
[see also: The Fall of Troy by Quintus Smyrnaeus]
[see also: Apollodorus summary, After the Iliad - Epitome, V. 1-25.]
[see also: The Legend of the Trojan War]
[see also: Homer's Iliad (complete text - 4 minute download)]


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Back to Chapter XXVII, Part II
On to Chapter XXIX

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¡¡THOMAS BULFINCH

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