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BULFINCH'S MYTHOLOGY
THE AGE OF FABLE
OR STORIES OF GODS AND HEROES
by Thomas Bulfinch
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CHAPTER XXX
THE PHAEACIANS
FATE OF THE SUITORS
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30
̾ɽ
ȥڵ
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THE PHAEACIANS
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̾ɽ
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ULYSSES clung to the raft while any of its timbers kept
together, and when it no longer yielded him support,
binding the girdle around him, he swam. Minerva (Athena)
smoothed the billows before him and sent him a wind that
rolled the waves towards the shore. The surf beat high on
the rocks and seemed to forbid approach; but at length
finding calm water at the mouth of a gentle stream, he
landed, spent with toil, breathless and speechless and
almost dead. After some time, reviving, he kissed the
soil, rejoicing, yet at a loss what course to take. At a
short distance he perceived a wood to which he turned his
steps. There, finding a covert sheltered by intermingling
branches alike from the sun and the rain, he collected a
pile of leaves and formed a bed, on which he stretched
himself, and heaping the leaves over him, fell asleep. |
콺 ټҶ ¸ ȿ װͿ پ ־. װ Ұϰ , 츦 θ ƴ. ׳ տ ִ ĵ ٶ ĵ ؾ 귯 ߴ. з ĵ ε 縮 . ħ ״ 帣 ϱ ĵ ߰ϰ ö.
, ״ ϰ ġ Ҵ. ڿ һ ״ ٸ Ű ߴ. ϸ . ߰ϰ ״ . װ ״ ϱ ִ ó ߰ϰ ħ . |
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The land where he was thrown was Scheria,
the country of the Phaeacians.
These people dwelt originally near the Cyclopses;
but being oppressed by that savage race, they migrated to
the isle of Scheria, under the conduct of Nausithous,
their king. They were, the poet tells us, a people akin to
the gods, who appeared manifestly and feasted among them
when they offered sacrifices and did not conceal
themselves from solitary wayfarers when they met them.
They had abundance of wealth and lived in the enjoyment of
it undisturbed by the alarms of war, for as they dwelt
remote from gain-seeking men, no enemy ever approached
their shores, and they did not even require to make use of
bows and quivers. Their chief employment was navigation.
Their ships, which went with
the velocity of birds, were endued with intelligence; they
knew every port and needed no pilot. Alcinous,
the son of Nausithous, was now their king, a wise and just
sovereign, beloved by his people. |
콺 ̾ɽ ɸƿ. ̾ɽ ε ŰŬӽ ִ ó , ߸ Ͽ ɸ Ͽ ̴. ȣν ϸ ŵ 谡 ִ μ, ŵ 峳ϸ ̿ Ÿ ϰ ܷο ׳ ־ ʴ´ٴ ̴. dz θ , ӿ ҵ ־. ֳϸ ̵ ߱ϴ ָ ־ ؾȿ ƹ , Ȱ ʿ䵵 . ֵ ؿ. ӵ ־, γ ϰ ־. ΰ ױ ˰ ־ ȳڸ ʿ ʾҴ. Ƶ Ű ̾µ, ״ ϰ ַμ 鼺 ް ־. |
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Now it happened that the very night on which Ulysses
was cast ashore on the Phaeacian island, and while he lay
sleeping on his bed of leaves, Nausicaa,
the daughter of the king, had a dream sent by Minerva,
reminding her that her wedding-day was not far distant,
and that it would be but a prudent preparation for that
event to have a general washing of the clothes of the
family. This was no slight affair, for the fountains were
at some distance, and the garments must be carried
thither. On awaking, the princess hastened to her parents
to tell them what was on her mind; not alluding to her
wedding-day, but finding other reasons equally good. Her
father readily assented and ordered the grooms to furnish
forth a wagon for the purpose. The clothes were put
therein, and the queen mother placed in the wagon,
likewise, an abundant supply of food and wine. The
princess took her seat and plied the lash, her attendant
virgins following her on foot.
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콺 ̾ɽ ǥϿ ħ ڰ ִ ׳ 㿡 īƴ ׳ پ. ̸⸦ ׳ ȥ ʾҴٴ , غ ŹϿ δ ̶ ̾. װ ƴϾ. ֳϸ ָ ־ ȵDZ ̾. ִ ڱ ߿ ִ Ϸ ģԷ . ׳ ȥ Ͽ ʾ ٿ ߴ.
ģ ³ϰ ε Ͽ غ ߴ. Ź ʵ Ǹ, ģ dz ķ Ǿ. ִ ڸ ɾ ä ϰ ó ɾ ׳ ڸ .
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Arrived at the river side, they turned out the mules to
graze, and unlading the carriage, bore the garments down
to the water, and working with cheerfulness and alacrity,
soon despatched their labour. Then having spread the
garments on the shore to dry, and having themselves
bathed, they sat down to enjoy their meal; after which
they rose and amused themselves with a game of ball, the
princess singing to them while they played. But when they
had refolded the apparel and were about to resume their
way to the town, Minerva caused the ball thrown by the
princess to fall into the water, whereat they all screamed
and Ulysses awaked at the sound.
[see also: Nausicaa
- painting by Frederick, Lord Leighton]
[see also: Ulysses
and Nausicaa - painting by Michele Desubleo]
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ó , Ǯ Ǯ ϰ Ͽ ſ 绡 Ź Ͽ İ ƴ. Ź Ͽ ΰ, ڱ鵵 Ŀ ɾƼ Ļ縦 Ͽ. Ļ縦 ġ, Ѹ ̸ ϸ Ҵ. ִ ̰ ִ Ͽ 뷡 ҷ ־. ŵ ó ư ä Ϸ , ׳ ְ ӿ ߴ. ٶ ׳ Ҹ ġ 콺 . |
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Now we must picture to ourselves Ulysses, a shipwrecked
mariner, but a few hours escaped from the waves, and
utterly destitute of clothing, awaking and discovering
that only a few bushes were interposed between him and a
group of young maidens whom, by their deportment and
attire, he discovered to be not mere peasant girls, but of
a higher class. Sadly needing help, how could he yet
venture, naked as he was, to discover himself and make his
wants known? It certainly was a case worthy of the
interposition of his patron goddess Minerva, who never
failed him at a crisis. Breaking off a leafy branch from a
tree, he held it before him and stepped out from the
thicket. The virgins at sight of him fled in all
directions, Nausicaa alone excepted, for her Minerva aided
and endowed with courage and discernment. Ulysses,
standing respectfully aloof, told his sad case, and
besought the fair object (whether queen or goddess he
professed he knew not) for food and clothing. The princess
replied courteously, promising present relief and her
father's hospitality when he should become acquainted with
the facts. She called back her scattered maidens, chiding
their alarm, and reminding them that the Phaeacians had no
enemies to fear. This man, she told them, was an unhappy
wanderer, whom it was a duty to cherish, for the poor and
stranger are from Jove (Zeus).
She bade them bring food and clothing, for some of her
brothers' garments were among the contents of the wagon.
When this was done, and Ulysses, retiring to a sheltered
place, had washed his body free from the sea-foam, clothed
and refreshed himself with food, Pallas (Athena)
dilated his form and diffused grace over his ample chest
and manly brows.
The princess, seeing him, was filled with admiration,
and scrupled not to say to her damsels that she wished the
gods would send her such a husband. To Ulysses she
recommended that he should repair to the city, following
herself and train so far as the way lay through the
fields; but when they should approach the city she desired
that he would no longer be seen in her company, for she
feared the remarks which rude and vulgar people might make
on seeing her return accompanied by such a gallant
stranger. To avoid which she directed him to stop at a
grove adjoining the city, in which were a farm and garden
belonging to the king. After allowing time for the
princess and her companions to reach the city, he was then
to pursue his way thither, and would be easily guided by
any he might meet to the royal abode.
[see source: Odyssey,
Book VI (Fagles translation)]
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̶ 콺 ó . Ĵ ð ģ ٴٷκ Ͽ ̰߰ Ǿ, ڴٰ Ǯ ̷ ó-װ͵ µ õ ƴ϶ Ͱ ̴- . û ̷߰ Ÿ ڱⰡ ϴ ȣ ְڴ°? ̶߸ ȣ ׳ ϰ ̾. װ ó . 콺 , ɾԴ.
ó ī ܿ. ֳϸ ׳ ׳ฦ к ο߱ ̴. 콺 µ ָ ڱǺ ϰ, (׳డ 콺Դ ʾұ ) Ͱ ûߴ. ִ ٷ 帮, ƹ ƽø ȯ ̶ ģ ߴ. ׳ óฦ ҷ Ƴ ħ ٰ ¢ ̾ɽ η ʴٴ 鿡 Ϸ ־. ׳ 鿡 ϱ⸦, ̺ 콺 κ ׳̴ ؾ Ѵٰ ϰ 鿡 Ͱ ߴ.
ӿ ־ ̾. Ǿ 콺 ٴ ұ ľ , Ļ縦 Ͽ ⸦ ȸߴ. ϰ, ڴٿ ۶߷ȴ.
ִ źϰ, ó鿡 ڱ ſ ̿ ֵ Ͽ ϱ⸦ ʾҴ. ׳ 콺 ó ⸦ ϰ, ȸ ڱ ߴ. ó ڱ ֱ⸦ ߴ. ϰ õ 鼺 Ͽ ̸ ׳డ ƿ , ̷ η߱ ̴. ׳ ó ӿ ٷ ߴ. װ ģ ־. ֿ ó װ ٸ ִٰ ̾. Źϸ ձÿ ȳ ̶ ߴ. |
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Ulysses obeyed the directions and in due time proceeded to
the city, on approaching which he met a young woman
bearing a pitcher forth for water. It was Minerva, who had
assumed that form. Ulysses accosted her and desired to be
directed to the palace of Alcinous
the king. The maiden replied respectfully, offering to be
his guide; for the palace, she informed him, stood near
her father's dwelling. Under the guidance of the goddess,
and by her power enveloped in a cloud which shielded him
from observation, Ulysses passed among the busy crowd, and
with wonder observed their harbour, their ships,
their forum (the resort of heroes), and their battlements,
till they came to the palace, where the goddess, having
first given him some information of the country, king, and
people he was about to meet, left him. |
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콺 ÿ . ٸ ó Ͽ ȱ ߴ. ó ̸ 淯 óฦ . װ ׳. 콺 ׳ λ縦 ϰ, Ű ȳ ֱ⸦ ûߴ. ó ȳ ָ ߴ. ׳ ģ ó ִٴ ̾. ȳ 鼭, ׳ Ͽ ʰ 콺 ̸ ɾ. ״ ױ,,ȸ( ȸ) ġ ߴ. ħ ̸ , հ 鼺鿡 ְ . |
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Ulysses, before
entering the courtyard of the palace, stood and surveyed
the scene. Its splendour astonished him. Brazen walls
stretched from the entrance to the interior house, of
which the doors were gold, the doorposts silver, the
lintels silver ornamented with gold. On either side were
figures of mastiffs wrought in gold and silver, standing
in rows as if to guard the approach. Along the walls were
seats spread through all their length with mantles of
finest texture, the work of Phaeacian maidens. On these
seats the princes sat and feasted, while golden statues of
graceful youths held in their hands lighted torches which
shed radiance over the scene. Full fifty female menials
served in household offices, some employed to grind the
corn, others to wind off the purple wool or ply the loom.
For the Phaeacian women as far exceeded all other women in
household arts as the mariners of that country did the
rest of mankind in the management of ships.
Without the court a spacious garden lay, four acres in
extent. In it grew many a lofty tree, pomegranate, pear,
apple, fig, and olive. Neither winter's cold nor summer's
drought arrested their growth, but they flourished in
constant succession, some budding while others were
maturing. The vineyard was equally prolific. In one
quarter you might see the vines, some in blossom, some
loaded with ripe grapes, and in another observe the
vintagers treading the wine press. On the garden's borders
flowers of all hues bloomed all the year round, arranged
with neatest art. In the midst two fountains poured forth
their waters, one flowing by artificial channels over all
the garden, the other conducted through the courtyard of
the palace, whence every citizen might draw his supplies.
Ulysses stood gazing in admiration, unobserved himself,
for the cloud which Minerva spread around him still
shielded him. At length, having sufficiently observed the
scene, he advanced with rapid step into the hall where the
chiefs and senators were assembled, pouring libation to
Mercury (Hermes),
whose worship followed the evening meal. Just then Minerva
dissolved the cloud and disclosed him to the assembled
chiefs. Advancing to the place where the queen sat, he
knelt at her feet and implored her favour and assistance
to enable him to return to his native country. Then
withdrawing, he seated himself in the manner of
suppliants, at the hearth side.
For a time none spoke. At last an aged statesman,
addressing the king, said, "It is not fit that a
stranger who asks our hospitality should be kept waiting
in suppliant guise, none welcoming him. Let him therefore
be led to a seat among us and supplied with food and
wine." At these words the king rising gave his hand
to Ulysses and led him to a seat, displacing thence his
own son to make room for the stranger. Food and wine were
set before him and he ate and refreshed himself.
The king then dismissed his guests, notifying them that
the next day he would call them to council to consider
what had best be done for the stranger.
When the guests had departed and Ulysses was left alone
with the king and queen, the queen asked him who he was
and whence he came, and (recognizing the clothes which he
wore as those which her maidens and herself had made) from
whom he received those garments. He told them of his
residence in Calypso's
isle and his departure thence; of the wreck of his raft,
his escape by swimming, and of the relief afforded by the
princess. The parents heard approvingly, and the king
promised to furnish a ship in which his guest might return
to his own land.
[see source: Odyssey,
Book VII (Fagles translation)]
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콺 ȿ 캸Ҵ. ȭ ſ ߴ. Աκ ȱ մ ־, Ȳ Ǿ, հ ι Ǿ ־, Ȳ ĵǾ ־. Ͱ(̳) ݰ Ǿ ־, ġ Ա Ű Ͱ þ ־. ڰ ־µ, ̾ɽ ó § Ǹ ־. ڵ ڿ ɾ ϰ ־, û տ ȶ 峻 ־. 50̳ Ǵ ϳ 翡 ϰ ־µ, ִ ־, ֺ Ǯ ִ ־, Ʋ ¥ ִ ־.
̾ɽ ڵ ڵ 踦 ٷµ ־ ٸ 麸 پ Ͱ 翡 ־ ٸ ε麸 پ. ۿ 4Ŀ Ǵ ־µ, ű ,,,ȭ,ø곪 ھ ־. ܿ ѹߵ ʾҴ. Ÿ ٸ Ͽ ߴ. dz̾. ǰ Ž ̰ ִ° ϸ, ٸ Ȯڰ ¥ ⱸ ߷ Ʋ ־. ֺ پ ϳ ǰ ־. Ѱ ھƿ, ΰο 帣 ־, ٸ ո ÷ ֹε װ ʿ ְ Ǿ ־.
콺 źϸ鼭 ٶ ־, ڽ ʾҴ. װ ׳ ־ ̴. ڿ ״ ̷ . ε 츣 () ־. 츣 Ŀ ̴. ٷ ׳ 콺 տ Ÿ ߴ. ״ պ ɾ ִ ư ׳ ؿ ݰ ư ֵ Ѱ ûߴ. ź ΰ ɾҴ.
ƹ ϴ . ħ ΰ .
"츮 Ĵ븦 ٶ ִ ƹ ȯ ʰ ź ڼ ٸ ϴ ǰ ƴմϴ. 츮 ̿ ɵ ϰ Ļ Ͻʽÿ."
, Ͼ 콺 Ǽ ûϰ ȳ , ڱ Ƶ鿡 ڸ 纸 ϰ ڸ ɰ ߴ. Ļ , 콺 װ ⸦ ȸߴ.
ε ϰ 콺 å ȸǸ ϰڴٰ ߴ.
ε 콺 ȣ պ , պ װ , κ Դ°, (װ ִ ڱ ó ڽ ˾ä) Լ Ҵİ . ״ ڱ Į ־µ, װκ Դٴ , ߿ ¸ Ͽ ļ Ͽٴ , Ҵٴ ̾߱ߴ. հ պ ̸ ־. ͱ 踦 غϿ ָ ߴ. |
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The
next day the assembled chiefs confirmed the promise of the
king. A bark was prepared and a crew of stout rowers
selected, and all betook themselves to the palace, where a
bounteous repast was provided. After the feast the king
proposed that the young men should show their guest their
proficiency in manly sports,
and all went forth to the arena for games of running,
wrestling,
and other exercises. After all had done their best,
Ulysses being challenged to show what he could do, at
first declined, but being taunted by one of the youths,
seized a quoit
of weight far heavier than any of the Phaeacians had
thrown, and sent it farther than the utmost throw of
theirs. All were astonished, and viewed their guest with
greatly increased respect.
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Ʊ, ȸǸ , Ȯߴ. 谡 غǰ, 븦 ߵǾ µ, װ ġ . ġ , ⸦ ְ Ǿ. , ⸦ ϱ . ּ Ŀ 콺 ̵ ִ Ͽ , ó Ͽ, ̿ , ̾ɽ ε ŭ ſ , ٵ ָ . ε ſ ϸ 췯Ҵ. |
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After the games they returned to the hall, and the
herald led in Demodocus,
the blind bard,
"...Dear to the Muse,
Who yet appointed him both good and ill,
Took from his sight, but gave him strains divine."
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Ⱑ ڿ ư. ɰ () ڽ Դ.
Ͱ
Բ ־.
系κ ÷ ŻϿ
õ 뷡 ο߳. |
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He took for his theme the "Wooden
Horse," by means of which the Greeks found
entrance into Troy.
Apollo inspired him, and he sang so feelingly the terrors
and the exploits of that eventful time that all were
delighted, but Ulysses was moved to tears. Observing
which, Alcinous, when the song was done, demanded of him
why at the mention of Troy his sorrows awaked. Had he lost
there a father, or brother, or any dear friend? Ulysses
replied by announcing himself by his true name, and at
their request, recounted the adventures which had befallen
him since his departure from Troy. This narrative raised
the sympathy and admiration of the Phaeacians for their
guest to the highest pitch. The king proposed that all the
chiefs should present him with a gift, himself setting the
example. They obeyed, and vied with one another in loading
the illustrious stranger with costly gifts.
[see source: Odyssey,
Book VIII (Fagles translation)]
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ڽ 뷡 μ Ʈ̾ ĵ ߴ. ο ־. ű⼭ ״ Ʈ̾ Զ ϰ ν Ȱ Ƿ 뷡ߴ. ε , 콺 ȴ. װ Ű 뷡 , Ʈ̾ ̾߱⸦ ϴİ . װ ģ Ҿ°, Ҿ°, Ȥ ģ츦 Ҿ° . 콺 ڱ ϰ ߴ. 䱸 Ͽ Ʈ̾Ƹ ̷ ̾߱ߴ. ̾߱⸦ ̾ɽ 콺 ź ְ ߴ. ϰ, ڱⰡ . ȿ Ͽ Ͽ.
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The next day Ulysses set sail in the Phaeacian vessel, and
in a short time arrived safe at Ithaca,
his own island. When the vessel touched the strand he was
asleep. The mariners, without waking him, carried him on
shore, and landed with him the chest containing his
presents, and then sailed away.
Neptune (Poseidon)
was so displeased at the conduct of the Phaeacians in thus
rescuing Ulysses from his hands that on the return of the
vessel to port he transformed it into a rock, right
opposite the mouth of the harbour.
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Ʊ, 콺 ̾ɽ Ÿ Ͽ Ŀ ڱ Ÿ ߴ. 谡 غ , ״ ־. ʰ غ Ű , ڿ Բ װ ȴ.
̵ ̾ɽ ڱ ߿ ̿ 콺 Ͽ Ͽ 谡 ױ ȯϷ , 踦 ٷ ױ Ա ȭϰ ϰ Ҵ. |
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Homer's description of the ships of the Phaeacians has
been thought to look like an anticipation of the wonders
of modern steam navigation. Alcinous says to Ulysses,
"Say from what city, from what regions tossed,
And what inhabitants those regions boast?
So shalt thou quickly reach the realm assigned,
In wondrous ships, self-moved, instinct with mind;
No helm secures their course, no pilot guides;
Like man intelligently they plough the tides,
Conscious of every coast and every bay
That lies beneath the sun's all-seeing ray."
(Odyssey,
Book VIII.)
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Lord Carlisle, in his "Diary in the Turkish and
Greek Waters," thus speaks of Corfu, which he
considers to be the ancient Phaeacian island:
"The
sites explain the 'Odyssey.'
The temple of the sea-god could not have been more fitly placed,
upon a grassy platform of the most elastic turf, on the brow of a
crag commanding the harbour, and channel, and ocean. Just at the
entrance of the inner harbour there is a picturesque rock with a
small convent perched upon it, which by one legend is the
transformed pinnace of Ulysses.
"Almost the only river in the island is just at
the proper distance from the probable site of the city
and palace of the king, to justify the princess Nausicaa
having had resort to her chariot and to luncheon when
she went with the maidens of the court to wash their
garments."
[see
also: Scheria
claimed as Homeric home of Phaeacians.]
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Į <Ű ϱ> ӿ ų ؼ ϰ ִ. ״ ̾ɽ ̶ ϰ ִ.
"̰ <̾> ̾߱ . ؽ() ̺ Ҵ Ǵ ױ ο ٺ ִ ܵ Ǫ ִ. (ؽ) Ա Ƹٿ ϳ ¿ ִµ, װ ϸ 콺 ¿ ִ 谡 ٲ ̴.
Ƹ ϳ ִµ, ó Ǵ 帣 ִ. Ű ִ ó , Ÿ ." |
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FATE OF THE SUITORS
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ȥڵ
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Ulysses had now been away from Ithaca
for twenty years, and when he awoke he did not recognize
his native land. Minerva appeared to him in the form of a
young shepherd, informed
him where he was, and told him the state of things at
his palace. More
than a hundred nobles of Ithaca and of the
neighbouring islands had been for years suing for the hand
of Penelope, his wife,
imagining him dead, and lording it over his palace and
people, as if they were owners of both. That he might be
able to take vengeance upon them, it was important that he
should not be recognized. Minerva accordingly
metamorphosed him into an unsightly beggar, and as such he
was kindly received by Eumaeus,
the swine-herd, a faithful servant of his house.
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콺
20Ⱓ̳ Ÿɸ ־Ƿ,
ڱ ˾ƺ ߴ. ׳
ġ Ÿ. װ
, װ Ͼ
ϵ ־. Ÿɿ α
̻̳ Ǵ 콺
˰, Ƴ ڷ信
ȥϰ ο Ͽ ġ
ڱ ڳ Ǵ ó θ
־. 콺 ÿ Ͽ Ϸ,
ü ߰ ʾƾ߸ ߴ.
׳ ϰ
Ͽ. ״ μ
溹̿ ⸣ 츶̿ ģ
븦 Ҵ. |
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Telemachus, his son, was absent in quest of his father.
He had gone to the courts of the other kings, who had
returned from the Trojan expedition. While on the search,
he received counsel from Minerva to return home.
He arrived and sought Eumaeus to learn something of the
state of affairs at the palace before presenting himself
among the suitors. Finding
a stranger with Eumaeus, he treated him courteously,
though in the garb of a beggar, and promised him
assistance. Eumaeus was sent to the palace to inform
Penelope privately of her son's arrival, for caution was
necessary with regard to the suitors, who, as Telemachus
had learned, were plotting to intercept and kill him. When
Eumaeus was gone, Minerva presented herself to Ulysses,
and directed him to make himself known to his son. At the
same time she touched him, removed at once from him the
appearance of age and penury, and gave him the aspect of
vigorous manhood that belonged to him. Telemachus viewed
him with astonishment, and at first thought he must be
more than mortal. But Ulysses
announced himself as his father, and accounted for the
change of appearance by explaining that it was Minerva's
doing.
"...Then threw Telemachus
His arms around his father's neck and wept.
Desire intense of lamentation seized.
On both; soft murmurs uttering, each indulged His
grief."
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Ƶ ڷڽ ģ ã
̾. ״ Ʈ̾ κ ȯ յ (۾)ߴµ, ׳κ Ͱ϶ ǰ Ҵ. Ͱ, ȥڵ տ Ÿ ˱ ؼ 츶̿ ãư. ״ ִ , , ģ ϰ ߴ. ڷ信 ׳ Ƶ ȯ ϰ ϱ ؼ ڷ信 츶̿ İߵǾ. ״ ȥڵ ؾ߸ ߴ. ֳϸ ڷڽ , Ͼϸ ä ƹ ֹ ٹ̰ ־ ̴.
츶̿ , ׳ Ÿ Ƶ鿡 ü˸ 콺 ߴ. ÿ ܰ ϰ, ڼ ο. ڷ ¦ ó װ ΰ ̻ 簡 Ʋ . 콺, ڱⰡ ƹ ϰ , ׳ ۿ̶ ߴ.
.. ڷڽ ȷ
ģ Ȱ .
Ҵ.
鼭
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The father and son took counsel together how they
should get the better of the suitors and punish them for
their outrages. It was arranged that Telemachus should
proceed to the palace and mingle with the suitors as
formerly; that Ulysses should also go as a beggar, a
character which in the rude old times had different
privileges from what we concede to it now. As traveller
and storyteller, the beggar was admitted in the halls of
chieftains, and often treated like a guest; though
sometimes, also, no doubt, with contumely. Ulysses charged
his son not to betray, by any display of unusual interest
in him, that he knew him to be other than he seemed, and
even if he saw him insulted, or beaten, not to interpose
otherwise than he might do for any stranger. At the palace
they found the usual scene of feasting and riot going on.
The suitors pretended to receive Telemachus with joy at
his return, though secretly mortified at the failure of
their plots to take his life. The old beggar was permitted
to enter, and provided with a portion from the table. A
touching incident occurred as Ulysses entered the
courtyard of the palace. An old dog lay in the yard almost
dead with age, and seeing a stranger enter, raised his
head, with ears erect. It was Argus,
Ulysses' own dog, that he had in other days often led
to the chase.
"...Soon as he perceived
Long-lost Ulysses nigh, down fell his ears
Clapped close, and with his tall glad sign he gave
Of gratulation, impotent to rise,
And to approach his master as of old.
Ulysses, noting him, wiped off a tear
Unmarked.
...Then his destiny released
Old Argus, soon as he had lived to see
Ulysses in the twentieth year restored."
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ڴ ȥڵ Ͽ 浵 ߴ, ڷڽ ȥڵ ̿ ,콺 ߴ. ̰ 뿡 ־ ݰ ٸ Ư ߴ ̴. μ, ִ ̾߱⸦ ϴ μ մ Խ 㰡Ǿ μ ־. δ ϴ ϵ ־. 콺 Ƶ鿡 ϱ⸦, ڱ ̻ ǥϿ ü ˰ ִ λ , ڱⰡ ϰų ´ ̻ ؼ ȵȴٰ Ϸ.
ٸ . ȥڵ δ ڷڽ ֹ ϰ δ װ ƿ ݱ ôߴ. Ե Խ ǰ ߴ. 콺 ȶ Ͼ. ľ · 巯 ִ , Ӹ . װ 콺 ٴϴ Ƹ θ .
..
ϴ 콺
Ͼ
ο
콺
帣 ۾Ҵ.
.. Ƹ عߴ. Ƽ
20 ΰ ڸ. |
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As Ulysses sat eating his portion in the hall, the
suitors began to exhibit their insolence to him. When he
mildly remonstrated, one of them raised a stool and with
it gave him a blow. Telemachus had hard work to restrain
his indignation at seeing his father so treated in his own
hall, but remembering his father's injunctions, said no
more than what became him as master of the house, though
young, and protector of his guests.
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콺 Ȧ ڸ ɾ , ȥڵ Ͽ ൹ ϱ ߴ. װ , ڰ ڸ ȴ. ڷڽ ڱ ģ Ȧ ϴ г븦 . ģ ư踣 ϰ, ̿, ȣڷμ ǿ ߳ ʾҴ. |
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Penelope
had protracted her decision in favour of either of her
suitors so long that there seemed to be no further pretence
for delay. The continued absence of her husband seemed
to prove that his return was no longer to be expected.
Meanwhile her son had grown up, and was able to manage his
own affairs. She therefore consented to submit the
question of her choice to a trial of skill among the
suitors. The test selected was shooting with the bow.
Twelve rings were arranged in a line, and he whose arrow
was sent through the whole twelve was to have the queen
for his prize. A
bow that one of his brother heroes had given to
Ulysses in former times was brought from the armoury, and
with its quiver full of arrows was laid in the hall.
Telemachus had taken care that all other weapons should be
removed, under pretence that in the heat of competition
there was danger, in some rash moment, of putting them to
an improper use. |
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ڷ ȥ ߿ ϴ , ̻ Ҵ. ƿ ʴ ̻ ʿ䰡 Ҵ. Ƶ ǰ Ƶ鿩 ȥ ؼ ϱ ߴ.
Ȱ⿴. Ϸķ 迭ǰ, ΰ θ ȭ ǰ պ ȹϱ Ǿ. 콺 ģκ Ȱ κ , ȭ ȭ Ȧ ȿ . ڷڽ ٸ Ұ ̸ ̿ ٴ Ƿ ٸ ű ߴ. |
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All things being prepared for the trial, the first thing
to be done was to bend the bow in order to attach the
string. Telemachus endeavoured to do it, but found all his
efforts fruitless; and modestly confessing that he had
attempted a task beyond his strength, he yielded the bow
to another. He tried it with no better success, and,
amidst the laughter and jeers of his companions, gave it
up. Another tried it and another; they rubbed the bow with
tallow, but all to no purpose; it would not bend. Then
spoke Ulysses, humbly suggesting that he should be
permitted to try; for, said he, "beggar as I am, I
was once a soldier, and there is still some strength in
these old limbs of mine." The suitors hooted with
derision, and commanded to turn him out of the hall for
his insolence. But Telemachus spoke up for him, and,
merely to gratify the old man, bade him try. Ulysses took
the bow, and handled it with the hand of a master. With
ease he adjusted the cord to its notch, then fitting an
arrow to the bow be drew the string and sped the arrow
unerring through the rings.
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غ , ޱ Ȱ θ ̾. ڷڽ , 翴. ״ ڱ м ģ õߴٰ ϸ鼭 Ȱ ٸ 鿡 Ѱ. ߴ. ״ ӿ . ٸ , ٸ Ҵ. Ȱ ⸧ ߶ , ƹ ȿ . Ȱ η ʾҴ. ħ 콺 ڱԵ ѹ Ѵ ߴ.
" Դϴٸ, 翴ϴ. ణ ֽϴ."
ȥڵ ϰ Ҹġ, ڸ ߴ. ڷڽ ūҸ ȣϿ Ű ѹ ߴ. 콺 Ȱ տ 밡 ؾ ߴ. ״ ϰ ̿ , ȭ Ȱ ޱ, ȭ ״. |
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Without allowing them time to express their astonishment,
he said, "Now
for another mark!" and aimed direct at the most
insolent one of the suitors. The arrow pierced through his
throat and he fell dead. Telemachus, Eumaeus, and another
faithful follower, well armed, now sprang to the side of
Ulysses. The suitors, in amazement, looked round for arms,
but found none, neither was there any way of escape, for
Eumaeus had secured the door. Ulysses left them not long
in uncertainty; he announced himself as the long-lost
chief, whose house they had invaded, whose substance they
had squandered, whose wife and son they had persecuted for
ten long years; and told them he meant to have ample
vengeance. All were slain, and Ulysses was left master of
his palace and possessor of his kingdom and his wife.
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鿡 ź Ҹ ʰ, ״ < ϳ ǥ̴.> ϰ, ȥ ߿ ڸ 鿡 ܴ. ȭ ״ ٷ . ڷڽ 츶̿, 溹 ܴ ϰ 콺 پ. ȥڵ ƺ ⸦ ã, ϳ , 츶̿ Ű ־ 浵 . 콺 ħ ڱ ü . ״ڱⰡ ̴ ̶ , ħ ڱ ̿, ڱ ̿, 10 ڱ Ƴ Ƶ̶ , ̿ ö ϸ ߴ. ̸Ͽ ǰ, 콺 ٽ Ǿ ձ Ƴ ϰ Ǿ. |
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Tennyson's
poem of " Ulysses"
represents the old hero, after his dangers past and
nothing left but to stay at home and be happy, growing
tired of inaction and resolving to set forth again in
quest of new adventures: [see also: Context
of Ulysses]
"...Come, my friends,
'Tis not too late to seek a newer world.
Push off, and sitting well in order smite
The sounding furrows; for my purpose holds
To sail beyond the sunset, and the baths
Of all the western stars, until I die.
It may be that the gulfs will wash us down;
It may be we shall touch the Happy Isles,
And see the great Achilles whom we knew;" etc.
[Online Textbook: Barry
Powell, Classical Myth, Chapter 20: The Return of
Odysseus. Also see this chapter's Calvin
College Study Guide.]
[Online Textbook: Morford
and Lenardon, Classical Mythology, Chapter 18: The
Returns. Also see this chapter's Myth
Summary and Topic
Links.]
[see also: Odysseus]
[see also: The
Wanderings of Odysseus - Study Guide to Rowse
translation]
[see also: Study
Guide for Homer's Odyssey - Fitzgerald
translation]
[see also: Homer's
Odyssey (PERSEUS hyperlinked references) -
Murray translation]
[see also: Apollodorus
summary, The Wanderings of Ulysses. Epitome, VII.1-40.]
[see also: Mythical
Locations in the Odyssey]
[see also: The
Odyssey Page]
[see also: The
Odysseus Page]
[see also: The
Odyssey Home Page]
[see also: Mythweb's
The Odyssey]
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Back to Chapter XXIX
On to Chapter XXXI |
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THOMAS BULFINCH
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