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BULFINCH'S MYTHOLOGY
THE AGE OF FABLE
OR STORIES OF GODS AND HEROES
by Thomas Bulfinch
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CHAPTER XXXII
THE INFERNAL REGIONS THE SIBYL
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Áö¿Á ½Ãºô·¹ |
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THE INFERNAL REGIONS
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AS at the commencement of our series we have given the pagan account
of the creation of the world, so as we approach its conclusion we
present a view of the regions of the dead, depicted by one of their
most enlightened poets, who drew his doctrines from their most
esteemed philosophers. The region where Virgil locates the entrance to
this abode is perhaps the most strikingly adapted to excite ideas of
the terrific and preternatural of any on the face of the earth. It
is the volcanic region near Vesuvius, where the whole country is cleft
with chasms, from which sulphurous flames arise, while the ground is
shaken with pent-up vapours, and mysterious sounds issue from the
bowels of the earth. The lake Avernus is supposed to fill the crater
of an extinct volcano. It is circular, half a mile wide, and very
deep, surrounded by high banks, which in Virgil's time were covered
with a gloomy forest. Mephitic vapours rise from its waters, so that
no life is found on its banks: and no birds fly over it. Here,
according to the poet, was the cave which afforded access to the
infernal regions, and here ¨¡neas offered sacrifices to the infernal
deities, Proserpine (Persephone), Hecate, and the Furies (Erinyes).
[see source: Virgil's Aeneid, Book VI, lines 310-354]
[see also: Lake of the Avernus - Samuel Lancaster Gerry painting, 1851]
[see also: 79 AD eruption of Vesuvius - account by Pliny the Younger]
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Then
a roaring was heard in the earth, the woods on the hill-tops were
shaken, and the howling of dogs announced the approach of the
deities. "Now," said the
Sibyl, "summon up your courage, for you will need it." She descended
into the cave, and ¨¡neas followed. Before the threshold of hell
they passed through a group of beings who are enumerated as Griefs and
avenging Cares, pale Diseases and melancholy Age, Fear and Hunger that
tempt to crime, Toil, Poverty, and Death,- forms horrible to view. The
Furies spread the couches there, and Discord, whose hair was of vipers
tied up with a bloody fillet. Here also were the monsters, Briareus,
with his hundred arms, Hydras hissing, and Chimaeras breathing fire. |
±×·¯ÀÚ Æ÷È¿ ¼Ò¸®°¡ µé·Á¿À¸ç ¾ð´ö À§ÀÇ ½£ÀÌ Èçµé¸®°í °³°¡ ¢À¸¸ç ¿©½ÅµéÀÌ °¡±îÀÌ ¿Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë·È´Ù."
ÀÚ, ÀÌÁ¦ ¿ë±â¸¦³»½Ê½Ã¿À. ÀÌÁ¦ºÎÅÍ´Â ¿ë±â°¡ Èú¿äÇϴϱî¿ä." ÇÏ°í ½Ãºô·¹´Â ¸»ÇÏ¿´´Ù.
±×¸®°í ±×³à´Â µ¿±¼ ¼ÓÀ¸·Î ³»·Á°¬´Ù. ¾ÆÀ̳×À̾ƽºµµ ±×µÚ¸¦µû¶ú´Ù. Áö¿ÁÀÇ ¹®¿¡ µé¾î°¡±â Àü¿¡ ±×µéÀº ÇÑ ¹«¸®ÀÇ ±º»óµé »çÀ̸¦ Åë°úÇߴµ¥, ±×µéÀº<ºñź>°ú º¹¼öÀÇ <°ÆÁ¤>, â¹éÇÑ <º´>°ú ¿ì¿ïÇÑ <³ë³â>, ¹üÁËÀÇ µ¿±â°¡ µÇ´Â <°øÆ÷>¿Í <±â¾Æ>, <³ë¿ª><ºó±Ã><Á×À½> µîÀ¸·Î¼, º¸±â¿¡µµ ¹«¼¿î Çü»óµéÀ̾ú´Ù. Ǫ¸®¾Æ´Ï[º¹¼öÀÇ ¿©½Åµé]¿Í <ºÒÈ>ÀÇ ¿©½ÅµéÀÌ ±×°÷¿¡ ħ»óÀ» Æì°í ÀÖ¾ú´Âµ¥, ºÒÈÀÇ ¿©½ÅÀÇ ¸ð¹ßÀº Çǹ¯Àº ³ë²öÀ¸·Î °á¹ÚµÈ ¿©·¯ ¸¶¸®ÀÇ µ¶»ç·Î µÅ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¶Ç ±×°÷¿¡´Â ¹é °³ÀÇ ÆÈÀ»°¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â ºê¸®¾Æ·¹¿À½º, ½´¿ôÇÏ´Â ¼Ò¸®¸¦ ³»´Â È÷µå¶ó[ÎúÔéÞï], ºÒÀ» ÅäÇϴ Ű¸¶À̶ó¿Í °°Àº ±«¹°µéÀÌ ÀÕ¾ú´Ù. |
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¨¡neas shuddered at the sight, drew his sword and would have struck,
but the Sibyl restrained him. They then came to the black river
Cocytus, where they found the ferryman, Charon, old and squalid, but
strong and vigorous, who was receiving passengers of all kinds into
his boat, magnanimous heroes, boys and unmarried girls, as numerous as
the leaves that fall at autumn, or the flocks that fly southward at
the approach of winter. They stood pressing for a passage and
longing to touch the opposite shore, But the stern ferryman took in
only such as he chose, driving the rest back. ¨¡neas, wondering at the
sight, asked the Sibyl, "Why this discrimination?" |

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"¿Ö ÀÌ·± Â÷º°À» ÇÏ´Â °Å¿ä?" |
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She answered,
"Those who are taken on board the bark are the souls of those who have
received due burial rites; the host of others who have remained
unburied are not permitted to pass the flood but wander a hundred
years, and flit to and fro about the shore, till at last they are
taken over." ¨¡neas grieved at recollecting some of his own companions
who had perished in the storm. At that moment he beheld Palinurus, his
pilot, who fell overboard and was drowned. He addressed him and
asked him the cause of his misfortune. Palinurus replied that the
rudder was carried away, and he, clinging to it, was swept away with
it. He besought ¨¡neas most urgently to extend to him his hand and
take him in company to the opposite shore. But the Sibyl rebuked him
for the wish thus to transgress the laws of Pluto; but consoled him by
informing him that the people of the shore where his body had been
wafted by the waves should be stirred up by prodigies to give it due
burial, and that the promontory should bear the name of Cape
Palinurus, which it does to this day. Leaving Palinurus consoled by
these words, they approached the boat. Charon, fixing his eyes sternly
upon the advancing warrior, demanded by what right he, living and
armed, approached that shore. To which the Sibyl replied that they
would commit no violence, that ¨¡neas's only object was to see his
father, and finally exhibited the golden branch, at sight of which
Charon's wrath relaxed, and he made haste to turn his bark to the
shore, and receive them on board. The boat, adapted only to the
light freight of bodiless spirits, groaned under the weight of the
hero.
[see source: Virgil's Aeneid, Book VI, lines 355-540]
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They were soon conveyed to the opposite shore. There they were
encountered by the three-headed dog, Cerberus, with his necks
bristling with snakes.He barked with all his three throats till the
Sibyl threw him a medicated cake which he eagerly devoured, and then
stretched himself out in his den and fell asleep. |
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±×µéÀº °ð ¸ÂÀºÆíÀ¸·Î°Ç³Ê°¬´Ù. ±×°÷¿¡¼ ¸Ó¸®°¡ ¼¼ °³À̰í, ¸ñ¿¡´Â ¹ìÀÌ ¾ï¼¾ ÅÐó·³ ³ª ÀÖ´Â Äɸ£º£·Î½º¶ó´Â °³¸¦ ¸¸³µ´Ù.
Äɸ£º£·Î½º´Â ¼¼ °³ÀÇ ¸ñ±¸¸ÛÀ» ´Ù ¿°í ¢¾ú´Ù. ½Ãºô·¹°¡ ¾àÀÌ ¼¯ÀÎ °úÀÚ¸¦ ´øÁ® ÁÖÀÚ, ±×°ÍÀ» ޽ÄÇÏ°í °ð ±¼ ¼Ó¿¡ ¸öÀ» ´µ°í ±×´ë·Î ÀáÀÌ µé¾ú´Ù. |
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¨¡neas and the Sibyl
sprang to land. The first sound that struck their ears was the wailing
of young children, who had died on the threshold of life, and near
to these were they who had perished under false charges, Minos
presides over them as judge, and examines the deeds of each. The
next class was of those who had died by their own hand, hating life
and seeking refuge in death. O how willingly would they now endure
poverty, labour, and any other infliction, if they might but return to
life! Next were situated the regions of sadness, divided off into
retired paths, leading through groves of myrtle. Here roamed those who
had fallen victims to unrequited love, not freed from pain even by
death itself. Among these, ¨¡neas thought he descried the form of
Dido, with a wound still recent. In the dim light he was for a
moment uncertain, but approaching, perceived it was indeed herself.
Tears fell from his eyes, and he addressed her in the accents of love.
"Unhappy Dido! was then the rumour true that you had perished? and was
I, alas! the cause? I call the gods to witness that my departure
from you was reluctant, and in obedience to the commands of Jove;
nor could I believe that my absence would cost you so dear. Stop, I
beseech you, and refuse me not a last farewell." She stood for a
moment with averted countenance, and eyes fixed on the ground, and
then silently passed on, as insensible to his pleadings as a rock. ¨¡neas followed for some distance; then, with a heavy heart,
rejoined his companion and resumed his route.
[see source: Virgil's Aeneid, Book VI, lines 541-615]
They next entered the fields where roam the heroes who have fallen
in battle. Here they saw many shades of Grecian and Trojan warriors.
The Trojans thronged around him, and could not be satisfied with the
sight. They asked the cause of his coming, and plied him with
innumerable questions. But the Greeks, at the sight of his armour
glittering through the murky atmosphere, recognized the hero, and
filled with terror turned their backs and fled, as they used to do
on the plains of Troy.
[see source: Virgil's Aeneid, Book VI, lines 616-707]
¨¡neas would have lingered long with his Trojan friends, but the
Sibyl hurried him away. They next came to a place where the road
divided, the one leading to Elysium, the other to the regions of the
condemned. ¨¡neas beheld on one side the walls of a mighty city,
around which Phlegethon rolled its fiery waters, Before him was the
gate of adamant that neither gods nor men can break through. An iron
tower stood by the gate, on which Tisiphone, the avenging Fury, kept
guard. From the city were heard groans, and the sound of the
scourge, the creaking of iron, and the clanking of chains. ¨¡neas,
horror-struck, inquired of his guide what crimes were those whose
punishments produced the sounds he heard? The Sibyl answered, "Here is
the judgment hall of Rhadamanthus, who brings to light crimes done
in life, which the perpetrator vainly thought impenetrably hid.
Tisiphone applies her whip of scorpions, and delivers the offender
over to her sister Furies." At this moment with horrid clang the
brazen gates unfolded, and ¨¡neas saw within a Hydra with fifty
heads guarding the entrance. The Sibyl told him that the gulf of
Tartarus descended deep, so that its recesses were as far beneath
their feet as heaven was high above their heads. In the bottom of this
pit, the Titan race, who warred against the gods, lie prostrate;
Salmoneus, also, who presumed to vie with Jupiter, and built a
bridge of brass over which he drove his chariot that the sound might
resemble thunder, launching flaming brands at his people in
imitation of lightning, till Jupiter struck him with a real
thunderbolt, and taught him the difference between mortal weapons
and divine. Here, also, is Tityus, the giant, whose form is so immense
that as he lies he stretches over nine acres, while a vulture preys
upon his liver, which as fast as it is devoured grows again, so that
his punishment will have no end.
¨¡neas saw groups seated at tables loaded with dainties, while
near by stood a Fury who snatched away the viands from their lips as
fast as they prepared to taste them. Others beheld suspended over
their heads huge rocks, threatening to fall, keeping them in a state
of constant alarm. These were they who had hated their brothers, or
struck their parents, or defrauded the friends who trusted them, or
who, having grown rich, kept their money to themselves, and gave no
share to others; the last being the most numerous class. Here also
were those who had violated the marriage vow, or fought in a bad
cause, or failed in fidelity to their employers. Here was one who
had sold his country for gold, another who perverted the laws,
making them say one thing to-day and another to-morrow.
Ixion was there, fastened to the circumference of a wheel
ceaselessly revolving; and Sisyphus, whose task was to roll a huge
stone up to a hill-top, but when the steep was well-nigh gained, the
rock, repulsed by some sudden force, rushed again-headlong down to the
plain. Again he toiled at it, while the sweat bathed all his weary
limbs, but all to no effect. There was Tantalus, who stood in a
pool, his chin level with the water, yet he was parched with thirst,
and found nothing to assuage it; for when he bowed his hoary head,
eager to quaff, the water fled away, leaving the ground at his feet
all dry. Tall trees laden with fruit stooped their heads to him,
pears, pomegranates, apples, and luscious figs; but when with a sudden
grasp he tried to seize them winds whirled them high above his reach.
[see also: Plato's Gorgias 523-526]
[see also: Ixion - painting by Cornelis van Haarlem - 28K]
[see source: Virgil's Aeneid, Book VI, lines 708-809]
¡¡ |
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¾ÆÀ̳×À̾ƽº´Â ÀÌ Æ®·ÎÀÌ¾Æ Ä£±¸µé°ú Á»´õ ½Ã°£À» º¸³»°í ½Í¾úÀ¸³ª, ½Ãºô·¹´Â ¶°³ª±â¸¦ ÀçÃËÇß´Ù. ±×¸®°í ´ÙÀ½¿¡ ±×µéÀÌ ¿Â °÷Àº, ±æÀÌ µÎ °¥·¡·Î °¥¶óÁø ÁöÁ¡À̾ú´Ù. Çϳª´Â ¿¤·ò½Ã¿Â[±Ø¶ô]À¸·Î ÅëÇϰí, ´Ù¸¥ Çϳª´Â Áö¿ÁÀ¸·Î ÅëÇÏ´Â ±æÀ̾ú´Ù. ¾ÆÀ̳×À̾ƽº´Â ÇÑÆí¿¡ ±²ÀåÇÑ µµ½ÃÀÇ ¼ºº®ÀÌ ÀÕ´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¾Ò´Âµ¥, ±× ÁÖÀ§¿¡´Â Ç÷ò°ÔÅæÀÌ ü¨(È)¿°ÀÇ ¹°°áÀ» ±¼¸®°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¾Õ¿¡´Â½Åµéµµ Àΰ£µµ ¿ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ±Ý°¼® ¹®ÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¹® ¿·¿¡´Â ¼èžÀÌ ¼ ÀÕ¾ú°í, ±× À§¿¡¼´Â º¹¼öÀÇ ¿©½Å Ƽ½ÃÆ÷³×°¡ ¸ÁÀ» º¸°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¼º ¾È¿¡¼´Â ½ÅÀ½¼Ò¸®¿Í äÂï¼Ò¸®, ±×¸®°í ¼è°¡ »ß°Æ°Å¸®´Â ¼Ò¸®¿Í ¼è»ç½½ÀÌ Àý²©Àý²© ¿ï¸®´Â ¼Ò¸®°¡ µé·Á¿Ô´Ù. ¾ÆÀ̳×À̾ƽº´Â °øÆ÷¿¡ ¶³¸ç Áö±Ý µé·Á¿Â ¼Ò¸®´Â ¾î¶² ¹üÁ˸¦ ¹úÇÏ´Â Çü¹úÀÌ³Ä°í ±×ÀÇ ¾È³»Àο¡°Ô ¹°¾ú´Ù.½Ãºô·¹´Â ´ë´äÇß´Ù.
"À̰÷Àº ¶ó´Ù¸¸Æ¢½º[Á¦¿ì½º¿Í ¿¡¿ì·ÎÆäÀÇ ¾Æµé]ÀÇ ¹ýÁ¤Àε¥, »ýÀü¿¡ ¹üÇÑ Á˸¦ ¹àÈ÷´Â °÷ÀÌ¿À. ¹üÁËÀÚ´Â ±×°ÍÀ» ¾Æ¹«µµ ¸ð¸£°Ô °¨Ãß¾ú´Ù°í »ý°¢Çϳª ¾µµ¥¾ø´Â »ý°¢ÀÌ¿À. Ƽ½ÃÆ÷³×´Â ¼è»ç½½ äÂïÀ¸·Î ÁËÀÎÀ» ¶§¸° ÈÄ¿¡ ±×¸¦ ´Ù½Ã º¹¼öÀÇ ¿©½Å¿¡°Ô ÀεµÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ¿À."
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¾ÆÀ̳×À̾ƽº´Â ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¸ÀÀÖ´Â À½½ÄÀÌ ³õ¿© ÀÖ´Â ½ÄŹÀ» ÇâÇÏ¿© ¾É¾Æ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¾Ò´Ù. °ç¿¡´Â ÇÑ º¹¼öÀÇ ¿©½ÅÀÌ ¼ ÀÖ¾î, ±×µéÀÌ ±× À½½ÄÀ» ¸ÔÀ¸·Á°í ÇÏ¸é ±×µéÀÇ ÀÔÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ±×°ÍÀ» »©¾Ñ¾Æ °¡´Â °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. ¶Ç ¾î¶² ÀÚµéÀÇ ¸Ó¸® À§¿¡´Â Å« ¹ÙÀµ¹ÀÌ °É·Á ÀÖ¾î °ð ¶³¾îÁú °Í °°¾Æ, ±×µéÀº ºÎ´ÜÈ÷ °øÆ÷ÀÇ »óÅ ¼Ó¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. À̵éÀº »ýÀü¿¡ ÇüÁ¦¸¦ ¹Ì¿öÇÑ ÀÚ, ȤÀº ºÎ¸ð¸¦ ¶§¸° ÀÚ, ¶Ç´Â ±×µéÀ» ½Å·ÚÇÑ Ä£±¸¸¦ ¼ÓÀÎ ÀÚ, ȤÀº ºÎÀ¯ÇÏ°Ô µÈ ÈÄ¿¡ Àç¹°À» »çÀ¯ÇÏ¿© ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ÇÑ Ç¬µµ ³ª´©¾î ÁÖÁö ¾ÊÀº ÀÚ µéÀ̾ú´Âµ¥, ¸¶Áö¸· ºÎ·ù¿¡ ¼ÓÇÏ´Â ÀÚ°¡ °¡Àå ¸¹¾Ò´Ù.
¶Ç À̰÷¿¡´Â °áÈ¥ÀÇ ¾à¼ÓÀ» ¹è¹ÝÇÑ ÀÚ, ºÒÀÇÀÇ ÀüÀïÀ» ÇÑ ÀÚ, ÁÖÀο¡°Ô ºÒÃæ½ÇÇÑ ÀÚµéÀÌ ÀÕ¾ú´Ù. À̰÷¿¡´Â ¶Ç µ· ¶§¹®¿¡ Á¶±¹À» ÆÇ ÀÚ, ¹ý·üÀ» ¾Ç¿ëÇÏ¿© Àڱ⿡°Ô À¯¸®ÇÏ°Ô ÇØ¼®Çϱ⸦ ÀÏ»ï´Â ÀÚµéÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
Àͽÿµµ ±×°÷¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Âµ¥, ±×´Â ºÎ´ÜÈ÷ ȸÀüÇÏ´Â Â÷¹ÙÄû¿¡ °á¹ÚµÇ¾î ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¶Ç ½Ã½¬Æ÷½ºµµ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×ÀÇ ÀÏÀº Å« µ¹À» »ê ²À´ë±â±îÁö ±¼·Á¿Ã¸®´Â °ÍÀ̾ú´Âµ¥, µî¼ºÀ̸¦ °ÅÀÇ ´Ù ¿Ã¶ó°¬´Â°¡ Çϸé, ¹ÙÀ§´Â ¾î¶² °©ÀÛ½º·± Èû¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ´Ù½Ã °Å²Ù·Î µéÆÇÀ» ÇâÇÏ¿© ±¼·¯³»¸®´Â °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. ±×´Â ´Ù½Ã µ¹À» °Å²Ù·Î ¿Ã¸®·Á°í ¾Ö¸¦ ¾²Áö¸¸, ¶¡¸¸ Àü½ÅÀ» Àû½Ç »Ó, ¾Æ¹«¸® ÇØµµ Çê¼ö°í¿´´Ù.
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The Sibyl now warned ¨¡neas it was time to turn from these
melancholy regions and seek the city of the blessed. They passed
through a middle tract of darkness, and came upon the Elysian
fields, the groves where the happy reside. They breathed a freer
air, and saw all objects clothed in a purple light. The region has a
sun and stars of its own. The inhabitants were enjoying themselves
in various ways, some in sports on the grassy turf, in games of
strength or skill, others dancing or singing. Orpheus struck the
chords of his lyre, and called forth ravishing sounds. Here ¨¡neas saw
the founders of the Trojan state, magnanimous heroes who lived in
happier times. He gazed with admiration on the war chariots and
glittering arms now reposing in disuse. Spears stood fixed in the
ground, and the horses, unharnessed, roamed over the plain. The same
pride in splendid armour and generous steeds which the old heroes felt
in life, accompanied them here. He saw another group feasting and
listening to the strains of music. They were in a laurel grove, whence
the great river Po has its origin, and flows out among men. Here dwelt
those who fell by wounds received in their country's cause, holy
priests also, and poets who have uttered thoughts worthy of Apollo,
and others who have contributed to cheer and adorn life by their
discoveries in the useful arts, and have made their memory blessed
by rendering service to mankind. They wore snow-white fillets about
their brows. The Sibyl addressed a group of these, and inquired
where Anchises was to be found. They were directed where to seek
him, and soon found him in a verdant valley, where he was
contemplating the ranks of his posterity, their destinies and worthy
deeds to be achieved in coming times. When he recognized ¨¡neas
approaching, he stretched out both hands to him, while tears flowed
freely. "Have you come at last," said he, "long expected, and do I
behold you after such perils past? O my son, how have I trembled for
you as I have watched your career!" To which ¨¡neas replied, "O
father! your image was always before me to guide and guard me." Then
he endeavoured to enfold his father in his embrace, but his arms
enclosed only an unsubstantial image.
[see source: Virgil's Aeneid, Book VI, lines 810-911]
[see also: A Roman View of the Afterlife - The Dream of Scipio]
[see also: Underworld and Afterlife]
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À̰÷¿¡¼ ¾ÆÀ̳×À̾ƽº´Â ÇູÇÑ ½ÃÀý¿¡ »ýÁ¸Çß´ø Æ®·ÎÀÌ¾Æ ³ª¶ó¸¦ °Ç¼³ÇÑ °í°áÇÑ ¿µ¿õµéÀ» º¸¾Ò´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ±×´Â Áö±ÝÀº »ç¿ëµÇÁö ¾Ê°í ±×°÷¿¡ Á¶¿ëÈ÷ ¾ÈÄ¡µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â ±× ´ç½ÃÀÇ ÀÌ·ûÀüÂ÷³ª ¹øÂ½ÀÌ´Â ¹«±âµéÀ» °æÅºÇÏ¸é¼ ¹Ù¶óº¸¾Ò´Ù. âÀº ¶¥¿¡ ²ÈÇô ÀÖ¾ú°í, ¸»µéÀº ¸¶±¸¸¦ ¹þ°í¼ µéÆÇÀ» ¹èȸÇϰí ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¿¾³¯ÀÇ ¿µ¿õµéÀÌ »ýÀü¿¡ ÀÚ±âµéÀÇ ÈǸ¢ÇÑ °©¿Ê°ú ±º¸¶¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© Áö´Ñ ÀںνÉÀº À̰÷¿¡¼µµ ´Ù¸§ÀÌ ¾ø¾ú´Ù.
±×´Â ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ÀÏ´ÜÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¿¬È¸¸¦ Çϸç À½¾Ç¿¡ ±Í¸¦ ±â¿ïÀ̰í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¾Ò´Ù. ±×µéÀº ¿ù°è¼ö ½£ ¼Ó¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. À̰÷Àº Àú À§´ëÇÑ Æ÷ °ÀÇ ¿øÃµÀ» ÀÌ·ç°í ÀÖ¾î¼ µµ½Ã·Î Èê·¯³ª¿À´Â °÷ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ½£ ¼Ó¿¡´Â Á¶±¹À» À§ÇÏ¿© ½Î¿ì´Ù°¡ ºÎ»óÀ» ´çÇÏ°í ¾²·¯Áø ¿ë»ç, ¼ø°áÀ» ÁöŲ »çÁ¦µé, ¾ÆÆú·Ð¿¡°Ô »óÀÀÇÑ ¿¹¾ðÀ» ³ë·¡ºÎ¸¥ ½ÃÀεé, ȤÀº ¶Ç À¯ÀÍÇÑ ±â»ó¼úÀÇ ¹ß¸í¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ÀλýÀ» °Ý·ÁÇϰí Àå½ÄÇÏ´Â µ¥ °øÇåÇÑ »ç¶÷µé, ±×¸®°í Àηù¿¡°Ô ºÀ»çÇÔÀ¸·Î ¸»¹Ì¾Ï¾Æ ±× ÀºÀÎÀ¸·Î¼ ±â³äµÈ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ »ì°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ »ç¶÷µéÀº ´«°ú °°ÀÌ Èò ¸®º»À» À̸¶¿¡ ´Þ°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ½Ãºô·¹´Â À̵鿡°Ô ¸»À» °É°í, ¾îµð·Î °¡¾ß ¾ÓŰ¼¼½º¸¦ ¸¸³¯ ¼ö ÀÖ´À³Ä°í ¹°¾ú´Ù. ±×µéÀº ÀÏ·¯ÁØ ´ë·Î °¡¼ Ǫ¸¥ ÀÙÀÌ ¹«¼ºÇÑ °ñÂ¥±â¿¡¼ ¾ÓŰ¼¼½º¸¦ °ð ã¾Ò´Ù. ±×´Â ±×°÷¿¡¼ ÀÚ¼ÕµéÀÇ Àϰú ±×µéÀÇ ¿î¸í°ú ±×µéÀÌ ÀåÂ÷ ´Þ¼ºÇÒ ÈǸ¢ÇÑ À§¾÷¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼ »ý°¢Çϰí ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¾ÆÀ̳×À̾ƽº°¡ °¡±îÀÌ ¿À´Â °ÍÀ» º¸ÀÚ, ±×´Â µÎ ¼ÕÀ» ±×¿¡°Ô ³»¹Ð°í ÇÏ¿°¾øÀÌ ´«¹°À» È긮¸ç ¸»Çß´Ù.
"¸¶Ä§³» ³×°¡ ¿Ô±¸³ª. ¿À·§µ¿¾È ³Ê ¿À±â¸¦ ±â´Ù·È´Ù. ±× ¼ö¸¹Àº À§ÇèÀ» ¹«¸¾²°í Àßµµ ã¾Æ¿Í ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ¿À, ³» ¾Æµé¾Æ, ³ª´Â ³ÊÀÇ ¿©·Î¸¦ ¹Ù¶óº¸¸ç ¾ó¸¶³ª °ÆÁ¤Çß´ø°¡!"
ÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼ ¾ÆÀ̳×À̾ƽº´Â ´ë´äÇß´Ù. "¿À, ¾Æ¹öÁö! ¾Æ¹öÁöÀÇ ¿µ»óÀº ¾ðÁ¦³ª ÀúÀÇ ´«¾Õ¿¡ ÀÖ¾î Àú¸¦ ÁöµµÇÏ°í ¼öÈ£ÇÏ¿© Áּ̽À´Ï´Ù."
±×¸®°í ±×ÀÇ ºÎÄ£Àº ÀÚ±âÀÇ ÆÈ·Î Èû²¯ Æ÷¿ËÇÏ·Á°í Çß´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×ÀÇ ÆÈÀº ½Çü°¡ ¾ø´Â ȯ»óÀ» Æ÷¿ËÇÑ °Í¿¡ ºÒ°úÇß´Ù. |
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¨¡neas perceived before him a spacious valley, with trees gently
waving to the wind, a tranquil landscape, through which the river
Lethe flowed.
Along the banks of the stream wandered a countless
multitude, numerous as insects in the summer air. ¨¡neas, with
surprise, inquired who were these. Anchises answered, "They are
souls to which bodies are to be given in due time. Meanwhile they
dwell on Lethe's bank, and drink oblivion of their former lives." "O
father!" said ¨¡neas, "is it possible that any can be so in love
with life as to wish to leave these tranquil seats for the upper
world?" |
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¾ÆÀ̳×À̾ƽºÀÇ ´«¾Õ¿¡´Â ³ÐÀº °ñÂ¥±â°¡ °¡·Î³õ¿© ÀÖ¾ú´Âµ¥, ±×°ÍÀº Á¶¿ëÈ÷ ³ª¹«°¡ ¹Ù¶÷¿¡ ³ªºÎ³¢°í, ±× »çÀ̸¦ ·¹Å×°ÀÌ È帣´Â °í¿äÇÑ Ç³°æÀ̾ú´Ù. °°¡¿¡´Â ¿©¸§³¯ °øÁß¿¡¼ º¼¼ö ÀÖ´Â ³¯¹ú·¹¿Í °°ÀÌ ¹«¼öÇÑ ±ºÁßÀÌ ¹æÈ²Çϰí ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¾ÆÀ̳×À̾ƽº´Â ³î¶ó¼ ±×µéÀÌ ´©±¸³Ä°í ¹°¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯ÀÚ ¾ÓŰ¼¼½º°¡ ´ë´äÇß´Ù.
"±×µéÀº Àû´çÇÑ ½Ã±â¿¡ À°Ã¼°¡ ºÎ¿©µÉ ¿µÈ¥µéÀÌ´Ù. ±×µ¿¾È ±×µéÀº ·¹Å× °°¡¿¡ ¸Ó¹°¸é¼ ±× ¹°À» ¸¶½Ã¸ç, Àü»ýÀÇ ±â¾ïÀ» ¾ø¾Ö ¹ö¸®·Á°í ÇÑ´Ù."
¾ÆÀ̳×À̾ƽº´Â ¸»Çß´Ù. "¿À, ¾Æ¹öÁö! ´©°¡ ÀÌ·± Á¶¿ëÇÑ °÷À» ¶°³ª¼ Áö»óÀ¸·Î °¡°í ½Í¾îÇÒ ¸¸Å À°Ã¼Àû »ý¸íÀ» »ç¶ûÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÀÖ°Ú½À´Ï±î?" |
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Anchises replied by explaining the plan of creation. The
Creator, he told him, originally made the material of which souls
are composed of the four elements, fire, air, earth, and water, all
which when united took the form of the most excellent part, fire,
and became flame. This material was scattered like seed among the
heavenly bodies, the sun, moon, and stars. Of this seed the inferior
gods created man and all other animals, mingling it with various
proportions of earth, by which its purity was alloyed and reduced.
Thus, the more earth predominates in the composition the less pure
is the individual; and we see men and women with their full-grown
bodies have not the purity of childhood. So in proportion to the
time which the union of body and soul has lasted is the impurity
contracted by the spiritual part. This impurity must be purged away
after death, which is done by ventilating the souls in the current
of winds, or merging them in water, or burning out their impurities by
fire. Some few, of whom Anchises intimates that he is one, are
admitted at once to Elysium, there to remain. But the rest, after
the impurities of earth are purged away, are sent back to life endowed
with new bodies, having had the remembrance of their former lives
effectually washed away by the waters of Lethe. Some, however, there
still are, so thoroughly corrupted, that they are not fit to be
intrusted with human bodies, and these are made into brute animals,
lions, tigers, cats, dogs, monkeys, etc. This is what the ancients
called Metempsychosis, or the transmigration of souls; a doctrine
which is still held by the natives of India, who scruple to destroy
the life even of the most insignificant animal, not knowing but it may
be one of their relations in an altered form.
[see source: Virgil's Aeneid, Book VI, lines 912-982]
[see also: Empedocles - On the Transmigration of the Soul]
[see also: The Parts of the Soul]
[see also: Plato on Transmigration: Republic - The Myth of Er]
[see also: Greek Views on Death - Part I - Part II - Part III]
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¾ÓŰ¼¼½º´Â õÁö âÁ¶ÀÇ °èȹÀ» ¼³¸íÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ´ë´äÀ» ´ë½ÅÇß´Ù. ±×´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¸»Çß´Ù. Á¶¹°ÁÖ´Â ¿µÈ¥À» ±¸¼ºÇÏ´Â Àç·á¸¦ ºÒ,°ø±â, Èë,¹°ÀÇ ³× ¿ø¼Ò·ÎºÎÅÍ ¸¸µé¾ú´Âµ¥, ÀÌ ³× ¿ø¼Ò°¡ °áÇÕµÉ ¶§¿¡´Â ±×Áß¿¡¼ °¡Àå Ź¿ùÇÑ ¿ä¼Ò, Áï ºÒÀÇ ÇüŸ¦ ÃëÇÏ¿© È¿°Àº Á¾ÀÚ¿Í °°ÀÌ Å¾ç, ´Þ, º° µî õü »çÀÌ¿¡ »êÆ÷µÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ Á¾ÀڷκÎÅÍ ÇÏÀ§ÀÇ ½ÅµéÀº Àΰ£À̳ª ´Ù¸¥ ¸ðµç µ¿¹°À» âÁ¶Çߴµ¥, ±×¶§ ¿©·¯ ºñ·Ê·Î ÈëÀÌ È¥ÇյǾúÀ¸¹Ç·Î ±× Á¾ÀÚÀÇ ¼ø¼ö¼ºÀº °¨¼ÒµÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¡¼ ÈëÀÇ ¿ä¼Ò°¡ ±¸¼º¹° ¼Ó¿¡ ¸¹À¸¸é ¸¹À»¼ö·Ï ±× ±¸¼ºµÈ °³Ã¼´Â ¼ø¼ö¼ºÀÌ Àû´Ù. ¿ì¸®µµ ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖµíÀÌ À°Ã¼°¡ ¼º¼÷ÇÑ ³²³à´Â À¯³â½Ã´ëÀÇ ¼ø¼ö¼ºÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù. µû¶ó¼ À°Ã¼¿Í ¿µÈ¥ÀÌ °áÇÕÇϰí ÀÖ´Â ½Ã°£ÀÌ ¿À·¡ °æ°úÇÔ¿¡ µû¶ó ºÒ¼ø¼ºÀº ¿µÈ¥À¸·Î ¿Å°Ü °£´Ù. ÀÌ ºÒ¼ø¼ºÀº »çÈÄ¿¡ ºÒ½ÄµÇ¾î¾ß Çϴµ¥, ±×°ÍÀº ¿µÈ¥¿¡ ¹Ù¶÷À» ½ý¾î ±ú²ýÇÏ°Ô Çϵ簡 ¹° ¼Ó¿¡ Àá±âµç°¡,ºÒ·Î ±× ¿©·¯ ºÒ¼ø¼ºÀ» Å¿ö ¹ö¸®µç°¡ ÇÔÀ¸·Î ¸»¹Ì¾Ï¾Æ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø´Ù. ±Ø¼Ò¼öÀÇ »ç¶÷µé-¾ÓŰ¼¼½º´Â Àڱ⵵ ±× °¡¿îµ¥ ÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÓÀ» ¾Ï½ÃÇß´Ù-Àº ´Ü¹ø¿¡ ¿¤·ò½Ã¿Â¿¡ µé¾î°¡ ±×°÷¿¡¼ »ç´Â °ÍÀÌ Çã¿ëµÈ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×·¸Áö ¾ÊÀº »ç¶÷µéÀº ÈëÀÇ ¿ä¼Ò¿¡¼ À¯·¡ÇÏ´Â ¿©·¯ °¡Áö ºÒ¼øÇÑ Á¡ÀÌ ºÒ½ÄµÇ°í, ·¹Å× °ÀÇ ¹°·Î Àü»ýÀÇ ±â¾ïÀÌ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ¼¼Ã´µÈ ÈÄ¿¡, »õ·Î¿î À°Ã¼°¡ ºÎ¿©µÇ¾î ÀÌ ¼¼»ó¿¡ ´Ù½Ã ¼ÛȯµÈ´Ù.
±×·¯³ª °³Áß¿¡´Â ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ºÎÆÐÇÏ¿© Àΰ£ÀÌ ½Åü¸¦ ¹Þ±â¿¡ Àû´çÄ¡ ¾ÊÀº ÀÚ°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·± ÀÜ »çÀÚ, ¹ü, °í¾çÀÌ, °³, ¿ø¼þÀÌ µî°ú °°Àº Áü½ÂÀ¸·Î ¸¸µé¾îÁø´Ù¡¤¡¤¡¤¡¤¡¤¡¤¡¤¡¤À̰ÍÀ» °í´ëÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀº ¸ÞÅÛÇÁ½ÃÄڽýº,Áï ¿µÈ¥ÀÇ Àü»ýÀ̶ó ºÒ·¶´Ù. ±×¸®°í À̰ÍÀº ¾ÆÁ÷µµ ÀεµÀÇ ¿øÁֹο¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ½ÅºÀµÇ°í ÀÖ´Â ±³¼³ÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¡¼ ±×µéÀº ±ØÈ÷ ¹Ì¹ÌÇÑ µ¿¹°ÀÇ »ý¸íÀÏÁö¶óµµ, ±×°ÍÀÌ ÀÚ±âµéÀÇ Ä£Ã´ÀÇ º¯ÇüÀÏÁöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÏ¿© Á×À̱⸦ ²¨¸°´Ù. |
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Anchises, having explained so much, proceeded to point out to ¨¡neas
individuals of his race, who were hereafter to be born, and to
relate to him the exploits they should perform in the world. After
this he reverted to the present, and told his son of the events that
remained to him to be accomplished before the complete establishment
of himself and his followers in Italy. Wars were to be waged,
battles fought, a bride to be won, and in the result a Trojan state
founded, from which should arise the Roman power, to be in time the
sovereign of the world.
¨¡neas and the Sibyl then took leave of Anchises, and returned by
some short cut, which the poet does not explain, to the upper world.
[see source: Virgil's Aeneid, Book VI, lines 983-1179]
[see also: ¨¡neas in the Underworld - A Multimedia Path]
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¾ÓŰ¼¼½º´Â ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¼³¸íÇÑ ÈÄ¿¡ , ´õ ³ª¾Æ°¡¼ ¾ÆÀ̳×À̾ƽº¿¡°Ô Àå·¡ ź»ýµÉ ±×ÀÇ ¹ÎÁ·ÀÇ Àι°µé°ú ±×µéÀÌ Áö»ó¿¡¼ ´Þ¼ºÇÒ À§¾÷¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼ À̾߱âÇß´Ù. ±×ÈÄ ±×´Â ´Ù½Ã
ÈÁ¦¸¦ ÇöÀç·Î µ¹·Á, ¾Æµé¿¡°Ô ±×µé ÀÏ´ÜÀÌ ÀÌÅ»¸®¾Æ¿¡ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ Á¤ÂøÇϱâ±îÁö¿¡ ±×°¡ ÇØ¾ß ÇÒ ÀÏÀ» ¸»Çß´Ù. Áï, °®°¡Áö ´ë¼ÒÀÇ ÀüÀïÀÌ ÇàÇØÁú °Í, ½ÅºÎ¸¦ ¸ÂÀÌÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÀÏ, ±×¸®°í ±× °á°ú´Â Æ®·ÎÀ̾ƶó´Â ³ª¶ó°¡ °Ç¼³µÇ°í, ±×·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀåÂ÷ ¼¼°èÀÇ ÆÐÀÚ°¡ µÉ ·Î¸¶±¹ÀÌ ÀϾ °Í µîÀ» À̾߱âÇß´Ù.¾ÆÀ̳×À̾ƽº¿À ½Ãºô·¹´Â ¾ÓŰ¼¼½º¿Í ÀÛº°ÇÏ°í ½ÃÀÎÀÌ »ó¼¼È÷ ¼³¸íÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº ¾î¶² Áö¸§±æÀ» ÅÃÇÏ¿© Áö»óÀ¸·Î ±ÍȯÇß´Ù. |
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ELYSIUM
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¿¤·ò½Ã¿Â
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Virgil, we have seen, places his Elysium under the earth, and
assigns it for a residence to the spirits of the blessed. But in Homer
Elysium forms no part of the realms of the dead. He places it on the
west of the earth, near Ocean, and describes it as a happy land, where
there is neither snow, nor cold, nor rain, and always fanned by the
delightful breezes of Zephyrus. Hither favoured heroes pass without
dying and live happy under the rule of Rhadamanthus. The Elysium of
Hesiod and Pindar is in the Isles of the Blessed, or Fortunate
Islands, in the Western Ocean. From these sprang the legend of the
happy island Atlantis. This blissful region may have been wholly
imaginary, but possibly may have sprung from the reports of some
storm-driven mariners who had caught a glimpse of the coast of
America. |
º£¸£±æ¸®¿ì½º¿¡¼´Â ¿ì¸®°¡ º¸¾Æ ¿Â ¹Ù¿Í °°ÀÌ ¿¤·ò½Ã¿Â[±Ø¶ô]À» ÁöÇÏ¿¡ µÎ°í ÃູµÈ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¿µÈ¥ÀÌ °ÅÁÖÇÏ´Â °÷À¸·Î µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª È£¸Þ·Î½º¿¡¼´Â ¿¤·ò½Ã¿ÂÀº »çÀÚ(ÞÝíº) ³ª¶óÀÇ ÀϺκÐÀ» Çü¼ºÇÏÁö´Â ¾Ê´Â´Ù. Áö±¸ÀÇ ¼ÂÊ ³¡ÀοÀÄɾƳ뽺 °¡±îÀÌ¿¡ µÎ°í ÇູÇÑ ³ª¶ó·Î ±×¸®°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×°÷Àº ´«µµ ÃßÀ§µµ ¾øÀÌ Ç×»ó Á¦Ç¶·Î½º[¼Ç³]ÀÇ ¹ÌdzÀÌ »êµé°Å¸®°í ÀÖ´Ù. À̰÷¿¡´Â ½ÅÀÇ ÀºÃÑÀ» ÀÔÀº ¿µ¿õµéÀÌ Á×À½À» ¸Àº¸´Â ÀÏ ¾øÀÌ º¸³»Á®¼ ¶ó´Ù¸¸Æ¼½ºÀÇ Áö¹è ¾Æ·¡ ÇູÇÏ°Ô »ì°íÀÖ´Ù. Çì½Ã¿Àµµ½º³ª ÇɴٷνºÀÇ ¿¤·ò½Ã¿ÂÀº ¼ÂÊ ³¡ÀÇ ¿ÀÄɾƳ뽺 °¡¿îµ¥¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÃູµÈ <»ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¼¶>, ȤÀº <Çà¿îÀÇ ¼¶> ¾È¿¡ À§Ä¡Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ¾ÆÆ²¶õƼ½º¶ó´Â ÇູÇÑ ¼¶ÀÇ Àü¼³Àº À̷κÎÅÍ À¯·¡ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ÇູÇÑ ³ª¶ó´Â ÀüÇô °¡°øÀûÀÎ °ÍÀ̾úÀ» °ÍÀ̳ª, ±×·± Àü¼³ÀÌ »ý°Ü³ °ÍÀº, ¾Æ¸¶ ÆøÇ³¿ì¸¦ ¸¸³ ¼±¿øÀÌ Ç¥·ùÇÏ´Ù°¡ ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä« ÇØ¾ÈÀ» ¾ð¶æ º¸°í À¯Æ÷½ÃŲ À̾߱⿡¼ ±â¿øÇÑ °Í °°´Ù. |
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J. R. Lowell, in one of his shorter poems, claims for the present
age some of the privileges of that happy realm. Addressing the Past,
he says:
"Whatever of true life there was in thee,
Leaps in our age's veins.
................................
Here, 'mid the bleak waves of our strife and care,
Float the green 'Fortunate Isles,'
Where all thy hero-spirits dwell and share
Our martyrdoms and toils.
The present moves attended
With all of brave and excellent and fair
That made the old time splendid."
Milton also alludes to the same fable in "Paradise Lost," Book
III. 1. 568:
"Like those Hesperian gardens famed of old,
Fortunate fields and groves and flowery vales,
Thrice happy isles."
And in Book II. he characterizes the rivers of Erebus according to
the meaning of their names in the Greek language:
"Abhorred Styx, the flood of deadly hate,
Sad Acheron of sorrow black and deep;
Cocytus named of lamentation loud
Heard on the rueful stream; fierce Phlegethon
Whose waves of torrent fire inflame with rage.
Far off from these a slow and silent stream,
Lethe, the river of oblivion, rolls
Her watery labyrinth, whereof who drinks
Forthwith his former state and being forgets,
Forgets both joy and grief, pleasure and pain."
[see also: Morford and Lenardon, Classical Myth, Chapter 13 summary - Views of the Afterlife: The Realm of Hades]
[see also:
Map of the Underworld]
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¡¡ |
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THE SIBYL
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½Ãºô·¹
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As ¨¡neas and the Sibyl pursued their way back to earth, he said
to her, "Whether thou be a goddess or a mortal beloved of the gods, by
me thou shalt always be held in reverence. When I reach the upper
air I will cause a temple to be built to thy honour, and will myself
bring offerings." "I am no goddess," said the Sibyl; "I have no
claim to sacrifice or offering. I am mortal; yet if I could have
accepted the love of Apollo I might have been immortal. He promised me
the fulfilment of my wish, if I would consent to be his. I took a
handful of sand, and holding it forth, said, 'Grant me to see as
many birthdays as there are sand grains in my hand.' Unluckily I
forgot to ask for enduring youth. This also he would have granted,
could I have accepted his love, but offended at my refusal, he allowed
me to grow old. My youth and youthful strength fled long ago. I have
lived seven hundred years, and to equal the number of the
sand-grains I have still to see three hundred springs and three
hundred harvests. My body shrinks up as years increase, and in time, I
shall be lost to sight, but my voice will remain, and future ages will
respect my sayings."
These concluding words of the Sibyl alluded to her prophetic
power. In her cave she was accustomed to inscribe on leaves gathered
from the trees the names and fates of individuals. The leaves thus
inscribed were arranged in order within the cave, and might be
consulted by her votaries. But if perchance at the opening of the door
the wind rushed in and dispersed the leaves the Sibyl gave no aid in
restoring them again, and the oracle was irreparably lost.
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¾ÆÀ̳×À̾ƽº¿Í ½Ãºô·¹°¡ Áö»óÀ¸·Î µ¹¾Æ¿À°í ÀÖÀ» ¶§, ±×´Â ±×³à¿¡°Ô ¸»Çß´Ù.´ç½ÅÀÌ ¿©½ÅÀÌ°Ç È¤Àº ½ÅµéÀÇ ÀºÃÑÀ» ¹ÞÀº Àΰ£ÀÌ°Ç °£¿¡, ³ª´Â ´ç½ÅÀ» ¾ðÁ¦³ª Á¸°æÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Áö»ó¿¡ µµÂøÇÏ¸é ³ª´Â ´ç½ÅÀ» À§ÇÏ¿© ½ÅÀüÀ» ¼¼¿ì°Ô ÇϰڽÀ´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í ³ª ½º½º·Î Á¦¹°À» ¹ÙÄ¡·Æ´Ï´Ù."
ÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ½Ãºô·¹´Â ¸»Çß´Ù.
"³ª´Â ¿©½ÅÀÌ ¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ³ª´Â Èñ»ý¹°À̳ª Á¦¹°À» ¿ä±¸ÇÏÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. ³ª´Â Àΰ£ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¸¸ÀÏ ³»°¡ ¾ÆÆú·ÐÀÇ »ç¶ûÀ» ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù¸é, ºÒ»çÀÇ ¿©½ÅÀÌ µÅ ÀÖ¾úÀ» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×´Â ³»°¡ ±×ÀÇ °ÍÀÌ µÇ±â¸¦ ½Â³«Çϱ⸸ Çϸé, ³ªÀÇ ¼Ò¿øÀ» ¼ºÃëÇØ ÁØ´Ù°í ¾à¼ÓÇß½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¡¼ ³ª´Â ÇÑ ÁÜÀÇ ¸ð·¡¸¦ Áã°í ¾ÕÀ¸·Î ³»¹Ð¸ç ¸»Çß½À´Ï´Ù. <ÀúÀÇ ¼Õ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¸ð·¡¾ËÀÇ ¼ö¸¸Å ¼ö¸íÀ» ³»·ÁÁֽʽÿÀ.> ±×·¯³ª ³ª´Â ºÒÇàÇϰԵµ ¿µ¿øÇÑ ÀþÀ½À» ûÇϱ⸦ Àؾú½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ¼Òûµµ, ±×´Â ³»°¡ ±×ÀÇ »ç¶ûÀ» ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÏ ¼ö¸¸ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù¸é Çã¿ëÇßÀ» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ³ªÀÇ °ÅÀý¿¡ °¨Á¤À» »óÇÏ¿© ±×´À ³ª¸¦ ´Äµµ·Ï ³»¹ö·Á µÎ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ³ªÀÇ ÀþÀ½°ú ÀþÀ½ÀÇ ÈûÀº »ç¶óÁø Áö ¿À·¡ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ³ª´Â Áö±Ý±îÁö 7¹é³âÀ» »ì¾Æ¿Ô½À´Ï´Ù. ¸ð·¡¾ËÀÇ ¼ö¿Í °°¾ÆÁö·Á¸é ¾ÆÁ÷µµ 3¹é ¹øÀÇ º½°ú 3¹é ¹øÀÇ °¡À»À» ¸ÂÀÌÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ³ªÀÇ ¸öÀº ÇØ¸¶´Ù À§ÃàµÇ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¸ÓÁö¾Ê¾Æ ³ªÀÇ ¸öÀÌ º¸ÀÌÁö ¾Ê°Ô µÉ ¶§°¡ ¿Ã °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ³ªÀÇ À½¼ºÀº ¿µ¿øÈ÷ ³²À» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í Èļ¼ÀÇ »ç¶÷µéµµ ÇÊ°æ ³ªÀÇ ¸»À» Á¸°æÇÏ¿© µé¾îÁÙ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù."
½Ãºô·¹°¡ ¸»ÇÑ ÀÌ ³ªÁß ¸»Àº ±×³àÀÇ ¿¹¾ð·ÂÀ» ¾Ï½ÃÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×³à´Â µ¿±¼¼Ó¿¡¼, ¸ð¾Æ ¿Â ³ª¹µÀÙ À§¿¡ ÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÇ À̸§°ú ¿î¸íÀ» Àû´Â ½À°üÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ¿Í °°ÀÌ ±Û¾¾¸¦ ¾´ ³ª¹µ¤·¤½Àº µ¿±¼ ¾È¿¡ Áú¼ÀÖ°Ô ¹è¿µÇ¾î, ½ÅÀÚÀÇ »óÀÇ¿¡ ÀÀÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¸¸ÀÏ ¹®À» ¿ ¶§ ¹Ù¶÷ÀÌ µé¾î¿Í¼ ³ª¹µÀÙÀ» È寮·¯¶ß¸®¸é, ½Ãºô·¹´Â ´Ù½Ã ±×°ÍÀ» ¿ø»óÅÂ·Î ÇØ³õÀ¸·Á Èû¾²Áö ¾Ê°í, ½ÅŹÀº ´Ù½Ã ȸ¸ñÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø°Ô »ó½ÇµÇ´Â °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. |
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The following legend of the Sibyl is fixed at a later date. In the
reign of one of the Tarquins there appeared before the king a woman
who offered him nine books for sale, The king refused to purchase
them, whereupon the woman went away and burned three of the books, and
returning offered the remaining books for the same price she had asked
for the nine. The king again rejected them; but when the woman,
after burning three books more, returned and asked for the three
remaining the same price which she had before asked for the nine,
his curiosity was excited, and he purchased the books. |
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½Ãºô·¹¿¡ °üÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ Àü¼³Àº Èļ¼¿¡ Çü¼ºµÈ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. °í´ë ·Î¸¶ÀÇ Å¸¸£Å°´Ï¿ì½º ¿ÕÁ¤ ¶§¿¡, ¿Õ ¾Õ¿¡ ÇÑ ºÎÀÎÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³ª Ã¥À» ¾ÆÈ© ±Ç ³»³õ°í »ç¶ó´Â °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¿ÕÀº À̰ÍÀ» °ÅÀýÇß´Ù. ±×·¯ÀÚ ÀÌ ºÎÀÎÀº ¹°·¯°¡¼ ¼¼ ±ÇÀÇ °¡°Ý°ú °°Àº °¡°ÝÀ¸·Î »ç¶ó´Â °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. ¿ÕÀº ¶Ç´Ù½Ã °ÅÀýÇß´Ù. ±×·¯ÀÚ ±× ºÎÀÎÀÌ ¶Ç´Ù½Ã ¼¼±ÇÀÇ Ã¥À» ºÒ»ç¸¥ ÈÄ¿¡, µ¹¾Æ¿Í¼ ³ª¸ÓÁö ¼¼ ±ÇÀ» ³»³õ°í ¾ÆÈ©±ÇÀÇ °¡°Ý°ú µ¿ÀÏÇÑ °¡°ÝÀ¸·Î »ç¶ó°í ûÇÏÀÚ ¿ÕÀº È£±â½ÉÀÌ »ý°Ü ¸¶Ä§³» ±× Ã¥À» »ò´Ù. |
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They were found
to contain the destinies of the Roman state. They were kept in the
temple of Jupiter Capitolinus, preserved in a stone chest, and allowed
to be inspected only by special officers appointed for that duty, who,
on great occasions, consulted them and interpreted their oracles to
the people.
There were various Sibyls; but the Cumaean Sibyl, of whom Ovid and
Virgil write, is the most celebrated of them. Ovid's story of her life
protracted to one thousand years may be intended to represent the
various Sibyls as being only reappearances of one and the same
individual.
[see also: Pagan Gods and Goddesses of the Sibyl and Cybele Oracle]
[see also: Pausanias: list of Sibyls]
[see also: Prophets and Sibyls - Vatican Museum images]
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±×¸®°í ÀÐ¾î º¸´Ï °Å±â¿¡´Â ·Î¸¶±¹ÀÇ ¿î¸íÀÌ ¿©·¯ °¡Áö·Î ±â·ÏµÇ¾î ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¡¼ Ã¥Àº Ä«ÇÇÅ縮¿òÀÇ Á¦¿ì½º ½ÅÀü¿¡ µ¹»óÀÚ¿¡ ³Ö¾î º¸°üµÇ°í, ±× ÀÓ¹«¸¦ À§ÇØ ÀÓ¸íµÈ ƯÁ¤ÇÑ °ü¸®¿¡°Ô¸¸ ±× ¿¶÷ÀÌ Çã¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×µéÀº Áß´ë»ç°¡ ÀϾÀ» °æ¿ì¿¡ ±× Ã¥ ¼Ó¿¡ ÀûÇô ÀÖ´Â ½ÅŹÀ» ÇØ¼®ÇÏ¿© ±¹¹Î¿¡°Ô ÀüÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù.
ÇÑ ¸»·Î ½Ãºô·¹¶ó°í ¸»ÇÏÁö¸¸ ½Ãºô·¹¿¡µµ ¿©·¯°¡Áö°¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×Áß¿¡¼µµ ¿Àºñµð¿ì½º³ª º£¸£±æ¸®¿ì½º°¡ ±×¸° ۸ÞÀÇ ½Ãºô·¹°¡ °¡Àå À¯¸íÇÏ´Ù. ¿Àºñµð¿ì½º¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé, ±×³àÀÇ »ý¸íÀº õ³â µ¿¾ÈÀ̳ª °è¼ÓµÇ¾ú´Ù°í Çϴµ¥, À̰ÍÀº ¾Æ¸¶µµ ¿©·¯ Á¾·ùÀÇ ½Ãºô·¹µµ ½ÇÀº µ¿ÀÏÇÑ Àι°À̹ǷÎ, °°Àº Àι°ÀÌ µÇÇ®ÀÌÇØ¼ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â °Í¿¡ ºÒ°úÇÏ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» Ç¥¸íÇÏ·ÁÇÑ °Í °°´Ù. |
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¡¡
Dr. Young, in the "Night Thoughts," alludes to the Sibyl. Speaking of
Worldly Wisdom, he says:
"If future fate she plans 'tis all in leaves,
Like Sibyl, unsubstantial, fleeting bliss;
At the first blast it vanishes in air.
As worldly schemes resemble Sibyl's leaves,
The good man's days to Sibyl's books compare,
The price still rising as in number less." |
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[see also: Andrew Wilson's
on-line editions of Book II and Book VI of the Aeneid]
[see also: The Aeneid Pages]
[see also: Outline of Vergil's Aeneid]
[see also: Bibliography of Vergilian Scholarship - Aeneid]
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Back to Chapter XXXI
On to Chapter XXXIII
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¡¡THOMAS BULFINCH
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