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ºÏÀ¯·´ÀÇ
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(Northern Mythology) |

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BULFINCH'S MYTHOLOGY
THE AGE OF FABLE
OR STORIES OF GODS AND HEROES
by Thomas Bulfinch
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CHAPTER XXXVIII
NORTHERN MYTHOLOGY
VALHALLA - THE VALKYRIOR
THOR - LOKI - THE MOUNTAIN GIANT
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NORTHERN MYTHOLOGY
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The stories which have engaged our attention thus far
relate to the mythology of southern regions. But there is
another branch of ancient superstitions which ought not to
be entirely overlooked, especially as it belongs to the
nations from which we, through our English ancestors,
derive our origin. It is that of the
northern nations, called Scandinavians, who inhabited
the countries now known as Sweden, Denmark, Norway, and
Iceland. These mythological records are contained in two
collections called the Eddas,
of which the
oldest is in poetry and dates back to the year 1056,
the more modern or prose Edda being of the date of 1640.
[see also: Political and Historical Maps -
Norway
| Sweden
| Denmark
| Iceland]
[see also: Edda
S?undar - A Bibliography]
[see also: Snorri
Sturluson]
[see also: Can
Snorri Be Trusted? - essay on the prose Edda]
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ÀÌÁ¦±îÁö À̾߱â´Â ¸ðµÎ ³²ºÎ Áö¹æÀÇ ½ÅÈ¿¡ °üÇÑ °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª °í´ëÀÇ ½Åȳª Àü¼³¿¡´Â ¶Ç ÇϳªÀÇ Áö·ù°¡ Àִµ¥, ¿ì¸®µéÀº À̰ÍÀ» ÀüÇô ¹«½ÃÇÒ ¼ö´Â ¾ø´Ù. ±× ½ÅÈ¿Í Àü¼³Àº ¹Ì±¹ÀεéÀÌ ¿µ±¹ÀÇ ¼±Á¶¸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿© ¿¾³¯·Î °Å½½·¯¿Ã¶ó°¥ °æ¿ì, ¿ì¸®µé ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Ãâ»ýÁö°¡ µÉ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Â ³ª¶óÀÇ À̾߱â¹Ç·Î ƯÈ÷ ±×·¸´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ¿À´Ã³¯ÀÇ ½º¿þµ§, µ§¸¶Å©, ³ë¸£¿þÀÌ, ¾ÆÀ̽½¶õµå·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁö°í ÀÖ´Â ³ª¶ó¿¡ »ì°í ÀÖ´Â ½ºÄµð³ªºñ¾Æ ÀÎÀ̶ó°í ºÎ¸£´Â ºÏ¹æ ¹ÎÁ·ÀÇ ½ÅÈÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹ÎÁ·ÀÇ ½Åȳª Àü¼³Àº <¿¡´Ù>¶ó°í ÀÏÄ´ µÎ ±ÇÀÇ Ã¥¿¡ ¼ö·ÏµÇ¾î Àִµ¥, ÀÌ µÎ ±Ç Áß ¿À·¡µÈ °ÍÀº ½Ã·Î µÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ÀúÀÛ¿¬´ë´Â 1056³â±îÁö ¼Ò±ÞµÇ°í, ºñ±³Àû »õ·Î¿î »ê¹®À¸·Î µÈ <¿¡´Ù>´Â 1640³â¿¡ µÈ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
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According to the Eddas
there was once no heaven above nor earth beneath, but only
a bottomless deep, and a world of mist in which flowed a
fountain. Twelve rivers issued from this fountain, and
when they had flowed far from their source, they froze
into ice, and one layer accumulating over another, the
great deep was filled up.
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<¿¡´Ù>¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé, ¿¹Àü¿¡´Â À§¿¡ Çϴõµ ¾ø¾ú°í, ¹Ø¿¡ ¶¥µµ ¾ø°í, ¿ÀÁ÷ ³¡¾ø´Â ´ë¾ç°ú ¾È°³¿Í °°Àº ¼¼°è°¡ ÀÖ¾úÀ» µû¸§À̸ç, ÀÌ ¾È°³ÀÇ ¼¼°è¿¡´Â ÇÑ »ù¹°ÀÌ È帣°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¿ µÎ °³ÀÇ ³»°¡ ÀÌ »ùÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ Èê·¯³ª¿Ô´Âµ¥, ÀÌ ³Á¹°Àº ¼ö¿ø¿¡¼ ¸Ö¸® Èê·¯°¡¸é ¾ó¾î¼ ¾óÀ½ÀÌ µÇ°í, ¿©·¯ ÃþÀÌ °ãÃÄ ´ë¾çÀ» ¸Þ¿ü´Ù.
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Southward from the world
of mist was the world
of light. From this flowed a warm wind upon the ice
and melted it. The vapours rose in the air and formed
clouds, from which sprang Ymir,
the Frost
giant and his progeny, and the cow Audhumbla, whose
milk afforded nourishment and food to the giant. The cow
got nourishment by licking the hoar frost and salt from
the ice. While she was one day licking the salt stones
there appeared at first the hair of a man, on the second
day the whole head, and on the third the entire form
endowed with beauty, agility, and power. This new
being was a god, from whom and his wife, a daughter of
the giant race, sprang the three brothers Odin,
Vili, and Ve. They slew the giant Ymir, and out of his
body formed the earth, of his blood the seas, of his bones
the mountains, of his hair the trees, of his skull the
heavens, and of his brain clouds, charged with hail and
snow. Of Ymir's eyebrows the gods formed Midgard
(mid earth), destined to become the abode of man.
[see also: Slain
Giants]
[see also: Birth
from Ymir - watercolor by Eric W. Olive]
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¾È°³ÀÇ ¼¼°è ³²ÂÊ¿¡´Â ºûÀÇ ¼¼°è°¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ ¼¼°è·ÎºÎÅÍ µû¶æÇÑ ¹Ù¶÷ÀÌ ºÒ¾î¿Í ¾óÀ½À» ³ì¿´´Ù. Áõ±â¿Í Çϴ÷Π¿Ã¶ó°¡ ±¸¸§ÀÌ µÇ°í ÀÌ ±¸¸§À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ À̸̹£¶ó´Â ¼¸®ÀÇ °ÅÀΰú ±× ÀÚ¼Õ ¹× ¾Æ¿ìµÒºí¶ó¶ó´À ¾Ï¼Ò°¡ ž´Âµ¥, ÀÌ ¾Ï¼ÒÀÇ Á¥Àº °ÅÀÎÀ» ºÎ¾çÇß´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¾Ï¼Ò´Â ¾óÀ½¿¡¼ Èò ¼¸®¿Í ¼Ò±ÝÀ» ÇÓÀ¸¸é¼ ¿µ¾çÀ» ÃëÇß´Ù. ¾î´Â ³¯ ³¯ ¾Ï¼Ò°¡ ¼Ò±ÝÀÌ ºÙ¾î ÀÖ´Â ¹ÙÀ§¸¦ ÇÓ°í Àִµ¥, óÀ½¿¡´Â »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¸Ó¸®Ä®ÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½¿¡´Â ¸Ó¸®°¡ ³ªÅ¸³ª°í »çÈê°¿¡´Â ¾Æ¸§´ä°í ¹ÎøÇϰí Èû¿¡ ³ÑÄ¡´Â Àü½ÅÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù. ÀÌ »õ·Î¿î »ý¸íÀº ½ÅÀ̾ú´Ù. ÀÌ ½Å°ú ±×ÀÇ ¾Æ³»°¡ µÈ °ÅÀÎÁ·ÀÇ µþ »çÀÌ¿¡¼ ¿Àµò, ºô¸®, º£ ÇüÁ¦°¡ ž´Ù. ±×µéÀº À̸̹£¸¦ Á×ÀÌ°í ±×ÀÇ À°Ã¼·Î´Â À°Áö¸¦, Ç÷¾×À¸·Î´Â ¹Ù´Ù¸¦, »À·Î´Â »êÀ», ¸Ó¸®Ä®·Î´Â ³ª¹«¸¦, µÎ°³°ñ·Î´Â ÇÏ´ÃÀ», ±×¸®°í ³ú¼ö·Î´Â ¿ì¹Ú°ú ´«¿¡ Ãæ¸¸ÇÑ ±¸¸§À» ¸¸µé¾ú´Ù. À̸̹£ÀÇ ´«½çÀ¸·Î´Â ¹Ìµå°¡¸£µå[Áß°£¼¼°è]¸¦ ¸¸µé¾î ÀåÂ÷ ÀηùÀÇ °ÅÁÖÁö°¡ µÇ°Ô Çß´Ù.
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Odin then regulated the periods of day and night and the
seasons by placing in the heavens the sun
and moon,
and appointing to them their respective courses. As soon
as the sun began to shed its rays upon the earth, it
caused the vegetable world to bud and sprout. Shortly
after the gods had created the world they walked by the
side of the sea, pleased with their new work, but found
that it was still incomplete, for it was without human
beings. They therefore took an ash tree and made a man out
of it, and they made a woman out of an alder, and called the
man Aske and the woman Embla. Odin then gave them life
and soul, Vili reason and motion, and Ve bestowed upon
them the senses, expressive features, and speech. Midgard
was then given them as their residence, and they became
the progenitors of the human race.
[see also: Beginnings]
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±×¸®°í ¿ÀµòÀº Çϴÿ¡ žç°ú ´ÞÀ» ¼³Ä¡Çϰí, °¢°¢ ±× Áø·Î¸¦ ÁöÁ¤ÇÏ¿© ¹ã°ú ³·°ú °èÀýÀÇ Áֱ⸦ Á¤ÇÏ¿´´Ù. žçÀÌ ±× ºûÀ» ´ëÁö À§¿¡ ½ñ±â ½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. ½ÅµéÀº ¼¼°è¸¦ âÁ¶ÇÑ Á÷ÈÄ¿¡ ±×µéÀÇ »õ·Î¿î ¾÷ÀûÀ» ±â»µÇÏ¸é¼ ÇØº¯À» °Å´Ò¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¾ÆÁ÷ ±×µéÀÇ ¾÷ÀûÀÌ ºÒ¾ÈÀüÇÔÀ» ¹ß°ßÇßÀ¸´Ï ±×°ÍÀº Àΰ£ÀÌ ¾ø±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¡¼ ½ÅµéÀº ¹°Çª·¹³ª¹«¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÇÑ ³²ÀÚ¸¦ ¸¸µé°í, ¿À¸®³ª¹«¸¦ °¡Áö°í´Â ÇÑ ¿©ÀÚ¸¦ ¸¸µé¾î ³²ÀÚ¸¦ ¾Æ½ºÄɶó ºÎ¸£°í ¿©ÀÚ¸¦ ¿¥ºí¶ó¶ó°í ºÒ·¶´Ù. ±×·± ´ÙÀ½ ¿ÀµòÀº ±× µÎ »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô »ý¸í°ú ¿µÈ¥À», ºô¸®¿¡°Ô´Â À̼º°ú ¿îµ¿À», ±×¸®°í º£¿¡°Ô´Â °¨°¢°ú Ç¥Á¤ÀÌ Ç³ºÎÇÑ ¿ë¸ð¿Í ¾ð¾î¸¦ ºÎ¿©Çß´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¹Ìµå°¡¸£µå¸¦ ±×µéÀÇ °ÅÁÖÁö·Î ºÎ¿©Çß´Ù. ±×¸®ÇÏ¿© ±×µéÀº ÀηùÀÇ ¼±Á¶°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù.
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The mighty ash tree Ygdrasill
was supposed to support the whole universe. It sprang from
the body of Ymir, and had three immense roots; extending
one into Asgard
(the dwelling of the gods), the other into Jotunheim
(the abode of the giants), and the third to Niffleheim
(the regions of darkness and cold). By the side of each of
these roots is a spring, from which it is watered. The
root that extends into Asgard is carefully tended by the
three Norns,
goddesses, who are regarded as the dispensers of fate.
They are Urdur (the past), Verdandi (the present), Skuld
(the future). The spring at the Jotunheim side is Ymir's
well, in which wisdom and wit lie hidden, but that of
Niffleheim feeds the adder Nidhogge
(darkness), which perpetually gnaws at the root. Four
harts run across the branches of the tree and bite the
buds; they represent the four winds. Under the tree lies
Ymir, and when he tries to shake off its weight the earth
quakes.
[see also: image
32K - The World Tree]
[see also: Viking
Cosmology - The World Tree]
[see also: Norse
Myths - The Creation]
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À̱׵å¶ó½ÇÀ̶ó´Â °Å´ëÇÑ ¹°Çª·¹³ª¹«°¡ ÀÖ¾î ÀÌ ³ª¹«°¡ Àü ¿ìÁÖ¸¦ ¶°¹Þµé°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î »ý°¢µÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ ³ª¹«´Â À̸̹£ÀÇ ½Åü¿¡¼ ³ª¿Â °ÍÀ¸·Î, ¼¼ °³ÀÇ °Å´ëÇÑ »Ñ¸®¸¦ »¸Ä¡°í, ¶Ç Çϳª´Â ¿äÅ÷ÇÏÀÓ[°ÅÀεéÀÇ °ÅÁÖÁö]À¸·Î »¸Ä¡°í, ¼Â°¹ø »Ñ¸®´Â ´ÏÇ÷¹ÇÏÀÓ[¾ÏÈæ°ú ÃßÀ§ÀÇ ³ª¶ó]À¸·Î »¸ÃÆ´Ù. °¢ »Ñ¸®ÀÇ °ç¿¡´Â »ùÀÌ ÀÖ¾î »Ñ¸®´Â °Å±â¿¡¼ ¹°À» ±æ¾î¿Ã·È´Ù. ¾Æ½º°¡Å©µå·Î »¸Ä£ »Ñ¸®´Â ³ë¸¥À̶ó´Â ¿î¸íÀÇ ¼¼ ¿©½Å¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ÁÖÀDZí°Ô º¸È£µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×µéÀº ¿ì¸£µå¸£[°ú°Å]¿Í º£¸£´Üµð[ÇöÀç]¿Í ½ºÄðµå[¹Ì·¡]¿´´Ù. ¿äÅ÷ÇÏÀÓ °ç¿¡ ÀÖ´Â »ùÀº À̸̹£ÀÇ ¿ì¹°·Î¼, ±× ¼Ó¿¡´Â ÁöÇý¿Í ±âÁö°¡ ¼û¾î ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ´ÏÇ÷¹ÇÏÀÓÀÇ »ù¿¡´Â ´ÏµçÈ£°Ô[¾ÏÈæ]¶ó´Â µ¶»ç°¡ »ì°í ÀÖ¾î¼ ÀÌ µ¶»ç´Â ²÷ÀÓ¾øÀÌ »Ñ¸®¸¦ ÆÄ¸Ô°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×¸®°í ³× ¸¶¸®ÀÇ ¼ö»ç½¿ÀÌ ¹°Çª·¹³ª¹« °¡Áö »çÀ̸¦ ÂÑ¾Æ´Ù´Ï¸é¼ »õ½ÏÀ» ¹°¾î¶â°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº µ¿¼³²ºÏÀÇ ¹Ù¶÷À» »ó¡ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±× ³ª¹« ¹Ø¿¡´Â À̸̹£°¡ ´©¿ö Àִµ¥, ±×°¡ ¸öÀ» Èçµé¾î ¹«°Å¿î ÁüÀ» Ä¡¿ì·Á°í ÇÏ¸é ´ëÁö¿¡ ÁöÁøÀÌ ÀϾÙ.
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Asgard is the name of the abode of the gods, access to
which is only gained by crossing the bridge Bifrost
(the rainbow). Asgard consists of golden and silver
palaces, the dwellings of the gods, but the most beautiful
of these is Valhalla,
the residence of Odin.
When seated on his throne he overlooks all heaven and
earth. Upon his shoulders are the ravens Hugin
and Munin, who fly every day over the whole world, and
on their return report to him all they have seen and
heard. At his feet lie his two wolves, Geri and Freki, to
whom Odin gives all the meat that is set before him, for
he himself stands in no need of food. Mead is for him both
food and drink. |
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¾Æ½º°¡¸£µå´Â ½ÅµéÀÇ °ÅÁÖÁö À̸§Àε¥, ±×°÷À¸·Î °¡ÀÚ¸é ºñÇÁ·Î½ºÆ®[¹«Áö°³]¶ó´Â ´Ù¸®¸¦ °Ç³Ê¾ß¸¸ Çß´Ù. ¾Æ½º°¡¸£µå¿¡´Â ±Ý°ú ÀºÀ¸·Î ¸¸µç ±ÃÀüÀÌ ÀÖ¾î, ½ÅµéÀº ±× ¼Ó¿¡ »ì°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×Áß¿¡´Â °¡Àå ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿î °ÍÀº ¿ÀµòÀ̰ÅÁÖÇÏ´Â ¹ßÇÒ¶ó¶ó´Â ±ÃÀüÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ±ÃÀüÀÇ ¿ÁÁ¿¡ ¾ÉÀ¸¸é Çϴðú ¶¥À» ´Ù ³»·Á´Ùº¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿ÀµòÀÇ ¾ç ¾î±ú¿¡´Â ÈÞ¿ì±ä°ú ¹«¿ì´ÑÀ̶ó´Â µÎ ¸¶¸®ÀÇ °¥°¡¸¶±Í°¡ ¾É¾Æ Àִµ¥, ±×°ÍÀº ¸ÅÀÏ Àü¼¼°è¸¦ ³¯°í µ¹¾Æ¿Í¼ º¸°í µéÀº ¹Ù¸¦ ³²±è ¾øÀÌ ¿Àµò¿¡°Ô º¸°íÇÑ´Ù. ¿ÀµòÀÇ ¹ß¹Ø¿¡´Â °Ô¸®¿Í ÇÁ·¹Å°¶ó´Â µÎ ¸¶¸®ÀÇ ´Á´ë°¡ ´©¿ö Àִµ¥, ¿ÀµòÀº Àڱ⠾տ¡ Â÷·Á ³õÀº °í±â¸¦ ´Ù ±×µé¿¡°Ô ÁØ´Ù. ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ±×´Â À½½Ä¹°À» ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÏÁö ¾Ê±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ±×ÀÇ À¯ÀÏÇÑ À½½Ä¹°Àº ¹ú²Ü¼úÀÌ´Ù. |
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He invented the Runic characters, and it
is the business of the Norns to engrave the runes of fate
upon a metal shield. From Odin's name, spelt Woden, as it
sometimes is, came Wednesday, the name of the fourth day
of the week.
Odin is frequently called Alfdaur (All-father), but this
name is sometimes used in a way that shows that the
Scandinavians had an idea of a deity superior to Odin,
uncreated and eternal.
[see also: The
Nine Worlds]
[see also: Norse
Mythology]
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¿ÀµòÀº ¶Ç ·ç¿î¹®ÀÚ¸¦ ¹ß¸íÇߴµ¥, ÀÌ ¹®ÀÚ·Î ±Ý¼ÓÀÇ ¹æÆÐ À§¿¡ ¿î¸íÀÇ ½Åºñ¸¦ »õ±â´Â °ÍÀÌ ¿î¸íÀÇ ¿©½Å[³ë¸¥]µéÀÇ ÀÓ¹«¿´´Ù. ¿Àµò(Odin)ÀÇ À̸§Àº ¶§·Î´Â ¿öµ§(Woden)À̶ó°í ¾²±âµµ Çϸç, ÀÌ À̸§À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ À¢Áîµ¥ÀÌ(Wednesday)¶ó´Â 1ÁÖÀÏÀÇ ³Ý°³¯ÀÇ À̸§, Áï ¼ö¿äÀÏÀÌ ³ª¿Ô´Ù.
¿ÀµòÀº Á¾Á¾ Alfadur(All-father)¶ó°í ºÎ¸£´À Àϵµ ÀÖÀ¸³ª, ÀÌ À̸§Àº ¶§·Î´Â ´Ù¸¥ Àǹ̷εµ ¾²¿©Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù.±×¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé, ½ºÄµð³ªºñ¾Æ ÀÎÀº ¿Àµòº¸´Ùµµ ´õ¿í ÈǸ¢ÇÑ ½ÅÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ±× ½ÅÀº ´©±¸·ÎºÎÅ͵µ âÁ¶µÇÁö ¾ÊÀº ¿µ¿øÇÑ Á¸Àç¶ó´Â »ý°¢À» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ¾ú´ø °ÍÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
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OF THE JOYS OF VALHALLA
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¹ßÇÒ¶ó ±ÃÀüÀÇ È¯¶ô
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Valhalla is the great hall of Odin, wherein he feasts with
his chosen
heroes, all those who have fallen bravely in battle,
for all who die a peaceful death are excluded. The flesh
of the boar Schrimnir is served up to them, and is
abundant for all. For although this boar is cooked
every morning, he becomes whole again every night. For
drink the heroes are supplied abundantly with mead from
the she-goat Heidrum. When the heroes are not feasting
they amuse themselves with fighting. Every day they ride
out into the court or field and fight until they cut each
other in pieces. This is their pastime; but when meal time
comes they recover from their wounds and return to feast
in Valhalla.
[see also: Man's
Destiny in Myth]
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¹ßÇÒ¶ó´Â ¿ÀµòÀÇ Å« Àü´çÀε¥, ±×°÷¿¡¼ ±×´Â ¼±¹ßµÈ ¿µ¿õµé°ú ¿¬È¸¸¦ ¿¬´Ù. ±×µéÀº ¸ðµÎ ÀüÀï¿¡¼ ¿ë°¨È÷ Á×Àº »ç¶÷µé·Î¼ ÆíÈ÷ ´©¿ö¼ ¼ûÁø »ç¶÷Àº Á¦¿ÜµÈ´Ù. ½´¸³´Ï¸£¶ó´Â ¼öÅïÁö°í±â°¡ dzºÎÇÏ°Ô ±×µéÀÇ ½ÄŹ¿¡ ¿À¸¥´Ù. ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé ÀÌ ¼öÅïÁö´Â ¸ÅÀÏ ¾ÆÄ§ ¿ä¸®»ó¿¡ ¿À¸£³ª, ¹ãÀÌ µÇ¸é ´Ù½Ã ¿ø»óÀ¸·Î º¹±¸µÇ±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. À½·á·Î´Â ÇÏÀ̵å·éÀ̶ó´Â ¾Ï¿°¼Ò·ÎºÎÅÍ Â§ ¹ú²Ü¼úÀÌ ¿µ¿õµéÀ» À§ÇØ ÃæºÐÈ÷ °ø±ÞµÈ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¿¬È¸¸¦ ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¶§¿¡´Â ¹«¼ú½ÃÇÕÀ» Çϰí Áñ±ä´Ù. ¸ÅÀÏ ±×µéÀº ¶ãÀ̳ª µé·Î ¸»À» Ÿ°í ³ª°¡ ¼·Î »ó´ë¸¦ °¥±â°¥±â ÂõÀ»¶§±îÁö ½Î¿î´Ù. À̰ÍÀÌ ±×µéÀÇ ¿À¶ôÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ½Ä»ç½Ã°£ÀÌ µÇ¸é ±× »óóµµ ¸ðµÎ Ä¡À¯µÇ°í, ±×µéÀº ´Ù½Ã ¹ßÇÒ¶óÀÇ ¿¬È¸·Î µ¹¾Æ°£´Ù.
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THE VALKYRIOR
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¹ß۸®¿À¸£
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The Valkyrior
are warlike virgins, mounted upon horses and armed with
helmets and spears. Odin, who is desirous to collect a
great many heroes in Valhalla, to be able to meet the
giants in a day when the final contest must come, sends
down to every battlefield to make choice of those who
shall be slain. The Valkyrior are his messengers, and
their name means "Choosers of the slain." When
they ride forth on their errand, their armour sheds a
strange flickering light, which flashes up over the
northern skies, making what men call the "Aurora
Borealis," or "Northern Lights."*
* Gray's
ode, "The
Fatal Sisters," is founded on this superstition.
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¹ß۸®¿À¸£´Â È£ÀüÀûÀΠó³àµé·Î¼, ¸»À» Ÿ°í Åõ±¸¸¦ ¾²°í ¹æÆÐ¿Í âÀ» °¡Áö°í ´Ù³æ´Ù.¿ÀµòÀº °ÅÀÎÁ·°ú ÃÖÈÄÀÇ °áÁ¤À» ÇØ¾ß ÇÒ ³¯ÀÌ ¿Ã ¶§, ±×µé¿¡°Ô ´ëÇ×Çϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ¸¹Àº ¿µ¿õµéÀ» ¹ßÇÒ¶ó·Î ¸ðÀ¸·Á°í Çß´Ù. ¹ß۸®¿À¸£µéÀº ÀÌ ¿ÀµòÀÇ »çÀÚ·Î ±× À̸§Àº <Àü»çÇÑ ÀÚÀÇ ¼±ÅÃÀÚ>¶ó´Â ¶æÀÌ´Ù. ±×³àµéÀÌ ¸»À» Ÿ°í ½ÉºÎ¸§À» °¥ ¶§, ±×³àµéÀÇ °©¿ÊÀº ÀÌ»óÇÑ ±¤Ã¤¸¦ ¹ßÇÏ¿© À̰ÍÀÌ ºÏÂÊ ÇÏ´ÃÀ» ºñÃá´Ù. »ç¶÷µéÀº À̰ÍÀ» º¸°í <¿À·Î¶ó º¸·¹¾Ë¸®½º>, Áï ,ºÏ±Ø±¤>À̶ó°í ºÎ¸¥´Ù. |
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OF THOR AND THE OTHER GODS
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½î¿À¸£¿Í ±×¹ÛÀÇ ½Åµé
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Thor,
the thunderer, Odin's eldest son, is the strongest of gods
and men, and possesses three very precious things. The
first is a hammer,
which both the Frost
and the Mountain giants know to their cost, when they see
it hurled against them in the air, for it has split many a
skull of their fathers and kindred. When thrown, it
returns to his hand of its own accord. The second rare
thing he possesses is called the belt of strength. When he
girds it about him his divine might is doubled. The third,
also very precious, is his iron gloves, which he puts on
whenever he would use his mallet efficiently. From Thor's
name is derived our word Thursday.
[see also: Thor,
the Viking Thunder God] |
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³ú½Å(Òâãê) ½î¿À¸£´Â ¿ÀµòÀÇ Å«¾Æµé·Î¼ ½Å°ú Àΰ£µé Áß¿¡¼ °¡Àå °·ÂÇѵ¥, ¼¼ °³ÀÇ ´ë´ÜÈ÷ ±ÍÁßÇÑ º¸¹°À» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±× ù° º¸¹°Àº ¸ÁÄ¡·Î¼, ±× ¸ÁÄ¡ÀÇ À§·Â¿¡ °üÇØ¼´Â ¼¸®ÀÇ °ÅÀÎÀ̳ª »êÀÇ °ÅÀεµ ±×°ÍÀÌ ÀÚ±âµéÀ» ÇâÇØ¼ ³¯¾Æ¿À´Â °ÍÀ» °¡Àå µÎ·Á¿öÇϳ®. ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ±×°ÍÀº Àü¿¡ ±×µéÀÇ Á¶»ó°ú ģôÀÇ ¸¹Àº µÎ°³°ñÀ» ºÎ¼ø ÀÏÀÌ Àֱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ¸ÁÄ¡´Â ´øÁö¸é ÀúÀý·Î ½î¿À¸£ÀÇ ¼öÁßÀ¸·Î µ¹¾Æ¿À´Â °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. ±×°¡ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â µÎ¹øÂ° Áø±âÇÑ º¸¹°Àº ÈûÀÇ ¶ì¶ó°í ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀε¥, ±×°¡ ÀÌ ¶ì¸¦ Ç㸮¿¡ µÎ¸£¸é ±×ÀÇ ¹«¼¿î ÈûÀº ¹è°¡(ÛÃÊ¥)ÇÑ´Ù. ¼¼¹øÂ° °Íµµ ´ë´ÜÈ÷ ±ÍÁßÇÑ °ÍÀε¥, ±×°ÍÀº ¼èÀå°©À¸·Î¼ ½î¿À¸£°¡ ±×ÀÇ ¸ÁÄ¡¸¦ È¿°úÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÏ·Á°í ÇÒ ¶§¸é ¾ðÁ¦³ª ³¢´Â °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. ÀÌ ½î¿À¸£(Thor)¶ó´Â À̸§¿¡¼ ¿µ¾îÀÇ ¸ñ¿äÀÏ[Thursday]À̶ó´Â ¸»ÀÌ ³ª¿Ô´Ù. |
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Frey
is one of the most celebrated of the gods. He presides
over rain and sunshine and all the fruits of the earth.
His sister Freya
is the most propitious of the goddesses. She loves music,
spring, and flowers, and is particularly fond of the Elves
(fairies). She is very fond of love ditties, and all
lovers would do well to invoke her.
Bragi
is the god of poetry, and his song records the deeds of
warriors. His wife, Iduna,
keeps in a box the apples which the gods, when they feel
old age approaching, have only to taste of to become young
again.
Heimdall
is the watchman of the gods, and is therefore placed on
the borders of heaven to prevent the giants from forcing
their way over the bridge Bifrost (the rainbow). He
requires less sleep than a bird, and sees by night as well
as by day a hundred miles around him. So acute is his ear
that no sound escapes him, for he can even hear the grass
grow and the wool on a sheep's back.
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ÇÁ·¹ÀÌ´Â ½Åµé Áß¿¡¼ °¡Àå À¯¸íÇÑ ½ÅÀ¸·Î, ±×´Â ºñ¿Í ÇÞºû°ú Áö»óÀÇ ¸ðµç °ú½ÇÀ» Áö¹èÇÏ°í °ü¸®ÇÑ´Ù. ±×ÀÇ ´©À̵¿»ý ÇÁ·¹¾ß´Â ¿©½Åµé Áß¿¡¼µµ °¡Àå ÀÚºñ½ÉÀÌ ¸¹Àº ¿©½ÅÀ¸·Î¼ À½¾Ç°ú º½°ú ²ÉÀ» »ç¶ûÇÏ°í Æ¯È÷ ¿äÁ¤µéÀ» »ç¶ûÇÑ´Ù. ¶Ç ÀÌ ¿©½ÅÀº »ç¶ûÀÇ ³ë·¡¸¦ ¹«Ã´ Áñ±â¹Ç·Î ¸ðµç ¿¬ÀεéÀº ±×³à¸¦ ÀÇÁöÇÑ´Ù.
ºê¶ó±â´Â ½Ã½Å(ãÌãê)À¸·Î¼, ±×ÀÇ ³ë·¡´Â ¹«»çµéÀÇ °øÈÆÀ» ±â·ÏÇÑ´Ù. ±×ÀÇ ¾Æ³» À̵γª´Â »ç°ú¸¦ ³ÖÀº »óÀÚ¸¦ º¸È£Çϰí Àִµ¥, ÀÌ »ç°ú´Â ½ÅµéÀÌ ³ë³âÀÌ °¡±î¿öÁüÀ» ±ú´Ý°Ô µÇ¾úÀ» ¶§, À̰ÍÀ» ¸Àº¸¸é ´Ù½Ã Àþ¾îÁú ¼ö ÀÖ´Â »ç°ú´Ù.
ÇÏÀÓ´ÞÀº ½ÅµéÀÇ ¼öÀ§(áúêÛ)·Î¼ °ÅÀεéÀÌ ºñÇÁ·Î½ºÆ®[¹«Áö°³]´Ù¸®¸¦ °Ç³Ê ħÀÔÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¸·±â À§Çؼ ÇÏ´ÃÀÇ °æ°è¿¡ ¹èÄ¡µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ±×´Â »õº¸´Ùµµ ÀáÀ» Àû°Ô ÀÚ¸ç, ¹ã¿¡µµ ³·°ú ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î ¹é ¸¶ÀÏ ¾ÕÀ» º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. û°¢µµ ´ë´ÜÈ÷ ¹Î°¨ÇϹǷΠ¾î¶°ÇÑ ¼Ò¸®µµ ´Ù µè´Â´Ù. ÇÏÀÓ´ÞÀº µéÀÇ Ç®ÀÌ ÀÚ¶ó´Â ¼ê³ª, ¾çÀÇ ÅÐÀÌ ±× µî¿¡¼ ÀÚ¶ó´Â ¼Ò¸®µµ µéÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÀ» Á¤µµ´Ù.
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OF LOKI AND HIS PROGENY
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·ÎŰ¿Í ±×ÀÇ ÀÚ¼Õµé
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There is another deity who is described as the calumniator
of the gods and the contriver of all fraud and mischief.
His name is Loki.
He is handsome and well made, but of a very fickle mood
and most evil disposition. He is of the giant race, but
forced himself into the company of the gods, and seems to
take pleasure in bringing them into difficulties, and in
extricating them out of the danger by his cunning, wit and
skill. Loki has three children. The first is the wolf Fenris,
the second the Midgard
serpent, the third Hela
(Death). The gods were not ignorant that these monsters
were growing up, and that they would one day bring much
evil upon gods and men. So Odin deemed it advisable to
send one to bring them to him. When they came he threw the
serpent into that deep ocean by which the earth is
surrounded. But the monster had grown to such an enormous
size that holding his tail in his mouth he encircles the
whole earth. Hela he cast into Niffleheim,
and gave her power over nine worlds or regions, into which
she distributes those who are sent to her; that is, all
who die of sickness or old age. Her hall is called
Elvidner. Hunger is her table, Starvation her knife, Delay
her man, Slowness her maid, Precipice her threshold, Care
her bed, and Burning Anguish forms the hangings of the
apartments. She may easily be recognized, for her body is
half flesh colour and half blue, and she has a dreadfully
stern and forbidding countenance.
[see also: "Hela's
Death Realm" - annotation to Carlyle's Hudson's
Statue]
[see also: Essays
on Loki]
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¶Ç À̹ۿ¡ ½ÅµéÀÇ Áß»óÀÚ(ñéß¿íº)¿ä, ¸ðµç »ç±â¿Í ÀçÇØÀÇ °í¾ÈÀÚ·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁø ¶Ç ÇϳªÀÇ ½ÅÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×ÀÇ À̸§Àº ·ÎŰ·Î¼, ±×´Â ¹Ì³²¿¡´Ù ÈǸ¢ÇÑ Ã¼±¸¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖÀ¸³ª, ¸÷½Ã º¯´ö½º·´°í ±Ø¾ÇÇÑ ¼ºÁúÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×´Â ¿ø·¡ °ÅÀÎÁ·À̳ª ¾ïÁö·Î ½Åµé°ú ±³Á¦ÇÏ¿© °£Áö(ÊÌòª)¿Í ¼úÃ¥¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ½ÅµéÀ» ³°æ¿¡ ºü¶ß¸®±âµµ Çϰí, À§Çè¿¡¼ ±¸Çس»±âµµ Çϸç, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °ÍÀ» ´õ¾ø´Â ³«À¸·Î »ï°í ÀÖ´Â °Í °°¾Ò´Ù. ·ÎŰ¿¡°Ô´Â ¼¼ Àڳడ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ù°¾ÆµéÀº Ææ¸®½º¶ó´Â ´Á´ëÀ̰í, µÑ°´Â ¹Ìµå°¡¸£µå¶ó´Â µ¶»çÀ̰í, ¼Â°´Â Çï¶ó[Á×À½]¶ó´Â µþÀÌ´Ù. ½ÅµéÀº ÀÌ ±«¹°µéÀÌ ¼ºÀåÇϰí ÀÖ°í, ¾ðÁ¨°¡´Â ½Å°ú Àΰ£µé¿¡°Ô Å« ÇØµ¶À» ³¢Ä¡°Ô µÇ¸®¶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¡¼ ¿ÀµòÀº »çÀÚ¸¦ º¸³» ±×µéÀ» µ¥·Á¿À´Â ÆíÀÌ ³ªÀ¸¸®¶ó°í »ý°¢Çß´Ù. ±×µéÀÌ ¿ÔÀ» ¶§ ±×´Â µ¶»ç¸¦ Áö±¸¸¦ µÑ·¯½Î°í ÀÖ´Â ±íÀº ¹Ù´Ù ¼Ó¿¡ ´øÁ³´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ ±«¹°Àº ±²ÀåÈ÷ Å©°Ô ÀÚ¶ó¼ ²¿¸®¸¦ ÀÔ¿¡ ¹°°í ¸öÀ» µ¿±×¶þ°Ô ÇÏ¸é µÑ·¹°¡ Àڱ׸¶Ä¡ Àü Áö±¸ÀÇ µÑ·¹¿Í ºñµîÇÒ Á¤µµ¿´´Ù. ´ÙÀ½À¸·Î ¿ÀµòÀº Çï¶ó¸¦ ´ÏÇ÷¹ÇÏÀÓ ¼Ó¿¡ ´øÁö°í ¾ÆÈ© °³ÀÇ ¼¼°è, Áï ³ª¶ó¸¦ Áö¹èÇÒ ±Ç·ÂÀ» ±×³à¿¡°Ô ºÎ¿©Çß´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ±×³à´Â Àڱ⿡°Ô º¸³»Áö´Â ÀÚµé, Áï º´À̳ª ³ë¼è·Î Á×´Â ÀÚµéÀ» ¸ðµÎ ÀÌ ³ª¶ó¿¡ ¹è´çÇÑ´Ù. ±×³àÀÇ Àü¸ÁÀº ¿¤ºñµå´Ï¶ó°í ºÒ·¶´Ù. <±â¾Æ>°¡ ±×³àÀÇ ½ÄŹÀ̰í <¾Æ»ç(ä»ÞÝ)>°¡ ½ÄŹ¿ë Ä®, <Áöü>°¡ ÇÏÀÎ, ,<ÁöµÐ(òÀÔï)>ÀÌ Çϳà, <Àýº®>ÀÌ ¹®Áö¹æÀ̰í, ±Ù½ÉÀÌ Ä§´ë, °Ý½ÉÇÑ °í¹ÎÀÌ °¢ ¹æÀÇ Àå½ÄÀÌ´Ù. ±×³à´Â ½±°Ô ¾Ë¾Æº¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×³àÀÇ À°Ã¼´Â ¹ÝÀº »ì»öÀÌ°í ¹ÝÀº Ǫ¸¥»öÀÌ°í ¹«¼·°íµµ ¸ö¼¸®Ä¡´Â ¿ë¸ð¸¦ Çϰí Àֱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
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The wolf Fenris gave the gods a great deal of trouble
before they succeeded in chaining him. He broke the
strongest fetters as if they were made of cobwebs. Finally
the gods sent a messenger to the mountain spirits, who
made for them the chain called Gleipnir. It is fashioned
of six things, viz., the noise made by the footfall of a
cat, the beards of women, the roots of stones, the breath
of fishes, the nerves (sensibilities) of bears, and the
spittle of birds. When finished it was as smooth and soft
as a silken string. But when the gods asked the wolf to
suffer himself to be bound with this apparently slight
ribbon, he suspected their design, fearing that it was
made by enchantment. He therefore only consented to be
bound with it upon condition that one of the gods put his
hand in his (Fenris's) mouth as a pledge that the band was
to be removed again. Tyr
(the god of battles) alone had courage enough to do this.
But when the wolf found that he could not break his
fetters, and that the gods would not release him, he bit
off Tyr's hand, and he has ever since remained one-handed.
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´Á´ë Ææ¸®½º´Â ½ÅµéÀ» ¸÷½Ã ±«·ÓÇûÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ³¡³»´Â ¼è»ç½½¿¡ ¹ÀÌ°í ¸»¾Ò´Ù. ±×·±µ¥ ¾Æ¹«¸® ưưÇÑ ¼è»ç½½·Î ¹¾îµµ ¸¶Ä¡ °Å¹ÌÁÙó·³ ½±°Ô ±×°ÍÀ» ²÷¾ú´Ù. ¸¶Ä§³» ½ÅµéÀº »ê½Å·É¿¡°Ô »çÀÚ¸¦ º¸³»¾î ±Û·¹ÀÌÇÁ´Ï¸£¶ó´Â ¼è»ç½½À» ¸¸µé°Ô Çß´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ¿©¼¸ °¡ÁöÀÇ ¹°°ÇÀ¸·Î ¸¸µç °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. Áï, °í¾çÀÌÀÇ ¹ßÀÚ±¹ ¼Ò¸®, ¿©ÀÎÀÇ Åμö¿°°ú, µ¹»Ñ¸®¿Í, ¹°°í±â ¼û°ú, °õÀÇ ½Å°æ(°¨¼ö¼º)°ú, »õÀÇ Å¸¾×ÀÌ ±×°ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. ¿Ï¼ºµÇ´Ï ±×°ÍÀº ¸íÁֽǰ°ÀÌ ¸Å²ô·´°í ºÎµå·¯¿ü´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ½ÅµéÀÌ ´Á´ë¿¡°Ô, º¸±â¿£ ÇÏÂúÀº ÀÌ ¸®º»À» ¸Åµµ·Ï ±ÇÀ¯ÇßÀ» ¶§, ´Á´ë´Â Ȥ½Ã ±×°ÍÀÌ ¿ä¼ú¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© ¸¸µé¾îÁø °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ°¡ ÇÏ¿© ±×µéÀÇ Àǵµ¸¦ ÀǽÉÇß´Ù. ±×·¡¼ ±×´Â ±×°ÍÀ» ´Ù½Ã Ç®¾îÁشٴ º¸ÁõÀ¸·Î ½Åµé Áß¿¡¼ ´©°¡ ±×ÀÇ ¼ÕÀ» ÀÚ±â ÀÔ ¼Ó¿¡ ³Ö´Â´Ù¸é ±×°ÍÀ» ¸Åµµ ÁÁ´Ù°í ½Â³«Çß´Ù. ÀÌ ÀÏÀ» ¸ÃÀ» ¿ë±â¸¦ °¡Áø ½ÅÀº Ƽ¸£[ÀüÀïÀÇ ½Å]¹Û¿¡ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ´Á´ë´Â ÀÌ ¼è»ç½½À» ²÷À» ¼ö ¾ø°í, ½Åµéµµ ±×¸¦ Ç®¾î ÁÖÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸®¶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ±ú´ÝÀÚ, Ƽ¸£ÀÇ ¼ÕÀ» ¹°¾î¶â°í ¸»¾Ò´Ù. ±× ÀÌ·¡ Àü»ýÀÇ ½ÅÀº ¿Ü¼ÕÀÌ µÇ°í ¸»¾Ò´Ù.
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HOW THOR PAID THE MOUNTAIN GIANT HIS WAGES
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½î¿À¸£°¡ »êÀÇ °ÅÀο¡°Ô ǰ»éÀ» ÁöºÒÇÑ À̾߱â
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Once on a time, when the gods were constructing their
abodes and had already finished Midgard and Valhalla, a
certain artificer came and offered to build them a
residence so well fortified that they should be perfectly
safe from the incursions of the Frost giants and the
giants of the mountains.
But he demanded for his reward the goddess Freya, together
with the sun and moon. |
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¾î´À ¶§ ½ÅµéÀÌ ±×µéÀÌ °ÅÁÖÇÒ °Ç¹°À» Áþ°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¹Ìµå°¡¸£µå¿Í ¹ßÇÒ¶ó°¡ ÁýÁþ´Â ÀÏÀ» ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ³¡³ÂÀ» ¶§, ÇÑ °øÀÎÀÌ ¿Í¼, <¼¸®>ÀÇ °ÅÀεéÀ̳ª »êÀÇ °ÅÀεéÀÇ ½À°ÝÀ¸ ¹ÞÀ» ¿°·Á°¡ Á¶±Ýµµ ¾ø´Â ưưÇÑ °Åó¸¦ Áö¾î ÁÖ¸¶°í ÀÚûÇß´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±× »ç¶÷Àº º¸¼ö·Î¼ ¿©½Å ÇÁ·¹¾ß¿Í žç°ú ´ÞÀ» ¿ä±¸Çß´Ù. |
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The gods yielded to his terms,
provided he would finish the whole work himself without
any one's assistance, and all within the space of one
winter. But if anything remained unfinished on the first
day of summer he should forfeit the recompense agreed on.
On being told these terms the artificer stipulated that he
should be allowed the use of his horse Svadilfari,
and this by the advice of Loki was granted to him. He
accordingly set to work on the first day of winter, and
during the night let his horse draw stone for the
building. The enormous size of the stones struck the gods
with astonishment, and they saw clearly that the horse did
one-half more of the toilsome work than his master. Their
bargain, however, had been concluded, and confirmed by
solemn oaths, for without these precautions a giant would
not have thought himself safe among the gods, especially
when Thor should return from an expedition he had then
undertaken against the evil demons.
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½ÅµéÀº ±×°¡ ¸ðµç °ø»ç¸¦ ¾Æ¹«ÀÇ Èûµµ ºôÁö ¾Ê°í ÇÑ °Ü¿ï µ¿¾È¿¡ ³¡³½´Ù¸é ±×·¸°Ô Çϰڴٴ Á¶°ÇÀ» ³»°É¾ú´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ¿©¸§ÀÇ Ã¹³¯±îÁö ¿Ï·áµÇÁö ¾ÊÀº °ÍÀÌ Çϳª¶óµµ ÀÖÀ¸¸é ±× º¸¼ö¸¦ Ãë¼ÒÇÏ°Ú´Ù°í ¸»Çß´Ù. ÀÌ·± Á¶°ÇÀ» Á¦½Ã¹ÞÀÚ, °øÀÎÀº ½º¹ÙµôÆÄ¸®¶ó´Â ±×ÀÇ ¸»ÀÇ »ç¿ëÀ» Çã¿ëÇØ Áֱ⸦ ¿ä±¸ÇÏ¿´°í, ÀÌ ¿ä±¸´Â ·ÎŰÀÇ Ãæ°í·Î ÀÎÇÏ¿© Çã¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù. °øÀÎÀº °Ü¿ïÀÇ Ã¹³¯¿¡ °ø»ç¸¦ Âø¼öÇÏ¿© ³¯µµ »õ±â ÀüºÎÅÍ ¸»·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý °ÇÃà¿ë ¼®À縦 ¿î¹ÝÄÉ Çß´Ù. µ¹ÀÌ ±²ÀåÈ÷ Å« °ÍÀ» º¸°í ½ÅµéÀº ³î¶ú´Ù. ±×¸®°í ½ÅµéÀº ±× Èûµç ÀÏÀÇ ¹Ý ÀÌ»óÀº ¸»ÀÌ Çß´Ù´À °ÍÀ» ¸í¹éÈ÷ ±ú´Þ¾ÒÀ¸³ª ÀÌ¹Ì °è¾àÀÌ Ã¼°áµÇ°í, ¾ö¼÷ÇÑ ¼±¼±îÁö ÇàÇÑ ÈÄ¿´´Ù. ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ¾î¶² ½ÅÀÌ¶óµµ ÀÌ¿Í °°Àº °æ°è¸¦ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í¼´Â °ÅÀÎµé °¡¿îµ¥¼ ¾ÈÀüÀ» º¸ÀåÇÒ ¼ö´Â ¾ø´Â ÀÏÀÌ¿ä, ƯÈ÷ ½î¿À¸£°¡ ±×¶§ Âø¼öÇϰí ÀÖ¾ú´ø ¾Ç¸¶ ÅðÄ¡ÀÇ ¿øÁ¤À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ±ÍȯÇÏÁö ¸øÇϱâ¶óµµ ÇÑ´Ù¸é ´õ¿í ±×·² À§ÇèÀÌ ÄÇ´Ù.
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As the winter drew to a close, the building was far
advanced, and the bulwarks were sufficiently high and
massive to render the place impregnable. In short, when it
wanted but three days to summer, the only part that
remained to be finished was the gateway. Then sat the gods
on their seats of justice and entered into consultation,
inquiring of one another who among them could have advised
to give Freya away, or to plunge the heavens in darkness
by permitting the giant to carry away the sun and the
moon.
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°Ü¿ïÀÌ ³¡³¯ ¹«·ÆÀÌ µÇÀÚ, °ÇÃà °ø»ç´Â ¸¹ÀÌ ÁøÃ´ÇÏ°í ¼ºÃ¼´Â ³ô°Ô ±¸ÃàµÇ¾î ³°øºÒ¶ôÀÇ Àü´çÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¿©¸§±îÁö ºÒ°ú »çÈêÀÌ ³²¾ÒÀ» ¶§ ¿Ï¼ºµÇÁö ¾ÊÀº À¯ÀÏÇÑ ºÎºÐÀº ÃâÀÔÇÏ´Â Åë·Î»ÓÀ̾ú´Ù. ±×·¡¼ ½ÅµéÀº ±×µéÀÇ ½ÉÆÇ¼®¿¡ ¾É¾Æ ȸÀǸ¦ ¿°í ±×µé Áß¿¡¼ ÁÖ°¡ °øÀο¡°Ô ÇÁ·¹¾ß¸¦ ÁÖ´À´Ï žç°ú ´ÞÀ» ÁÖ´À´Ï ÇÏ´Â Á¦¾ðÀ» ÇßÀ¸¸ç, ±×·¸°Ô µÇ¸é ÇÏ´ÃÀº ¾ÏÈæ¿¡ ºüÁöÁö ¾Ê°Ú´À³Ä ÇÏ¸ç ¼·Î µûÁö±â ½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù.
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They all agreed that no one but Loki, the author of so
many evil deeds, could have given such bad counsel, and
that he should be put to a cruel death if he did not
contrive some way to prevent the artificer from completing
his task and obtaining the stipulated recompense.
They proceeded to lay hands on Loki, who in his fright
promised upon oath that, let it cost him what it would, he
would so manage matters that the man should lose his
reward. |
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±× °á°ú, ±×°ÍÀº ÀÌÁ¦±îÁö ¸¹Àº ¾ÇÇàÀ» ¹üÇÑ ÀÏÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ·ÎŰÀÇ ¼ÒÇàÀÓ¿¡ Ʋ¸²¾øÀ¸¸ç, ¸¸¾à ±×°¡ °øÀÎÀÌ ±×ÀÇ ¸ÃÀº ¹Ù ÀÏÀ» ¿Ï¼ºÇÏ¿© ¾à¼ÓÇÑ º¸¼ö¸¦ ¹ÞÀ» °ÍÀ» ¹æÁöÇÒ ¹æÃ¥À» °±¸ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù¸é, ±×¸¦ Ȥµ¶ÇÑ »çÇü¿¡ óÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â ÀǰßÀÇ ÀÏÄ¡¿¡ ³î¶ó ¾î¶°ÇÑ Èñ»ýÀ» ¹«¸¨¾²°í¶óµµ °øÀÎÀÌ º¸¼ö¸¦ ¹ÞÁö ¸øÇϵµ·Ï Èû¾²°Ú´Ù°í ¼¾àÇß´Ù. |
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That very night when the man went with Svadilfari
for building stone, a mare suddenly ran out of a forest
and began to neigh. The horse thereat broke loose and ran
after the mare into the forest, which obliged the man also
to run after his horse, and thus between one and another
the whole night was lost, so that at dawn the work had not
made the usual progress. The man, seeing that he must fail
of completing his task, resumed his own gigantic stature,
and the gods now clearly perceived that it was in reality
a mountain giant who had come amongst them. Feeling no
longer bound by their oaths, they called on Thor, who
immediately ran to their assistance, and lifting up his
mallet, paid the workman his wages, not with the sun and
moon, and not even by sending him back to Jotunheim, for
with the first blow he shattered the giant's skull to
pieces and hurled him headlong into Niffleheim.
[see also: The
Construction of the Walls of Asgard]
[see also: Master
Builder Legends from Scandinavia]
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±×³¯ ¹ã¿¡ °øÀÎÀÌ ½º¹ÙµôÆÄ¸®¿Í ´õºÒ¾î µ¹À» ½×À¸·¯ ³ª°¬À» ¶§, °©ÀÚ±â ÇÑ ¸¶¸®ÀÇ ¾Ï¸»ÀÌ ½£¼Ó¿¡¼ ¶Ù¾î³ª¿Í ¿ï±â ½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. ±×·¯ÀÚ ¸»Àº °í»ß¸¦ ¹þ¾î³ª ¾Ï¸»ÀÇ µÚ¸¦ ÂÑ¾Æ ½£¼ÓÀ¸·Î ´Þ¾Æ³µÀ¸¹Ç·Î ÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀÌ °íÀεµ ¸»ÀÇ µÚ¸¦ ÂѾư¬´Ù. ±×·¯´Â µ¿¾È¿¡ ¹ãÀÌ Áö³ª°í »õº®ÀÌ µÇ¾úÁö¸¸, ÀÏÀº º¸Åë ¶§¿Í °°ÀÌ ÁøÃ´µÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. °øÀÎÀº ±×ÀÇ ÀÓ¹«¸¦ ¿Ï¼ºÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø°Ô µÇÀÚ, º»·¡ÀÇ °ÅÀÎÀÇ Á¤Ã¼¸¦ µå·¯³Â´Ù.
±×Á¦¼¾ß ½ÅµéÀº ±×°¡ »ç½ÇÀº »êÀÇ °ÅÀÎÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ±ú´Þ¾Ò´Ù. ÀÌÁ¦´Â ¼¾à¿¡ ±¸¼ÓµÉ Çʿ並 ´À³¢Áö ¾ÊÀÚ, ±×µéÀº ½î¿À¸£ÀÇ µµ¿òÀ» ûÇß´Ù. ±×´Â °ð ´Þ·Á¿Í¼´Â ±×ÀÇ ¸ÁÄ¡¸¦ ³ôÀÌ µé¾î °øÀο¡°Ô ǰ»éÀ» ÁöºÒÇß´Ù. ±×·¯ÀÚ ±×°ÍÀº žçÀ̳ª ´Þ·Î ÁöºÒÇÑ °Íµµ ¾Æ´Ï°í, ±×¸¦ °ÅÀεéÀÇ °ÅÁÖÁöÀÎ ¿äÅ÷ÇÏÀÓÀ¸·Î µ¹·Áº¸³¿À¸·Î½á ÁöºÒÇÑ °Íµµ ¾Æ´Ï¾ú´Ù. ½î¿À¸£´Â ÃÖÃÊÀÇ ÀϰÝÀ¸·Î °ÅÀÎÀÇ µÎ°³°ñÀ» ±ú¶ß·Á ´ÏÇ÷¹ÇÏÀÓÀ¸·Î ³»´øÁ³´ø °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
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THE RECOVERY OF THE HAMMER
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¸ÁÄ¡¸¦ µÇãÀ½
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Once upon a time it happened that Thor's hammer fell into
the possession of the giant Thrym, who buried it eight
fathoms deep under the rocks of Jotunheim. Thor sent Loki
to negotiate with Thrym, but he could only prevail so far
as to get the giant's promise to restore the weapon if
Freya would consent to be his bride. Loki returned and
reported the result of his mission, but the goddess of
love was quite horrified at the idea of bestowing her
charms on the king of the Frost giants. In this emergency
Loki persuaded Thor to dress himself in Freya's clothes
and accompany him to Jotunheim. Thrym received his veiled
bride with due courtesy, but was greatly surprised at
seeing her eat for her supper eight salmons and a full
grown ox, besides other delicacies, washing the whole down
with three tuns of mead. Loki, however, assured him that
she had not tasted anything for eight long nights, so
great was her desire to see her lover, the renowned ruler
of Jotunheim. Thrym had at length the curiosity to peep
under his bride's veil, but started back in affright and
demanded why Freya's eyeballs glistened with fire. Loki
repeated the same excuse and the giant was satisfied. He
ordered the hammer to be brought in and laid on the
maiden's lap. Thereupon Thor threw off his disguise,
grasped his redoubted weapon, and slaughtered Thrym and
all his followers.
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¾î´À ³¯, ½î¿À¸£ÀÇ ¸ÁÄ¡°¡ ¿ì¿¬È÷ °ÅÀÎ Æ®¸²ÀÇ ¼öÁß¿¡ µé¾î°£ ÀÏÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. Æ®¸²Àº ±×°ÍÀ» ¿äÅ÷ÇÏÀÓÀÇ ¹ÙÀ§ ¹Ø, ¿©´ü±æÀ̳ª µÇ´Â ±íÀº °÷¿¡ ¹¯¾ú´Ù. ½î¿À¸£´Â ·Î۸¦ º¸³»¾î Æ®¸²°ú Çù»óÄÉ ÇÏ¿´À¸³ª, ·Î۵µ »ó´ë¸¦ ¼³µæÇÒ ¼ö°¡ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ÇÁ·¹¾ß°¡ ±× °ÅÀÎÀÇ ¾Æ³»°¡ µÇ±â¸¦ ½Â³«ÇÑ´Ù¸é ¸ÁÄ¡¸¦ µ¹·ÁÁÖ°Ú³ë¶ó´Â ¾à¼ÓÀ» Æ®¸²À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¹Þ¾ÒÀ» µû¸§À̾ú´Ù. ·ÎŰ´Â µ¹¾Æ¿Í¼ Çù»óÀÇ °á°ú¸¦ º¸°íÇß´Ù. ±×·¯³ª »ç¶ûÀÇ ¿©½Å ÇÁ·¹¾ß´Â ¼¸®ÀÇ °ÅÀεéÀÇ ¿Õ µûÀ§¿¡°Ô ÀÚ±âÀÇ ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿òÀ» ¹ÙÄ£´Ù´Â °ÍÀº »ý°¢¸¸ ÇØµµ ¸ö¼¸®ÃÄÁö´Â ÀÏÀ̶ó°í ½È¾îÇÏ¿´´Ù. »çŰ¡ ±ä±ÞÇϹǷΠ·ÎŰ´Â ½î¿À¸£¸¦ ¼³µæÇÏ¿© ½î¿À¸£¿¡°Ô ÇÁ·¹¾ßÀÇ ÀÇ»óÀ» ÀÔÈ÷°í ¿äÅ÷ÇÏÀÓÀ¸·Î µ¥¸®°í °¬´Ù. Æ®¸²Àº º£ÀÏÀ» ¾´ ±×ÀÇ ½ÅºÎ¸¦ Á¤ÁßÈ÷ ¸Â¾Æµé¿´´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¸¸ÂùÀ¸·Î ¿©´ü ¸¶¸®ÀÇ ¿¬¾î¿Í Å« Ȳ¼Ò¿Í ±×ÀÇ À½½Ä¹°À» ¸Ô°í ´õ±¸³ª ¹ú²Ü¼ú ¼¼ ÅëÀ» ¸¶½Ã´Â °ÍÀ» º¸°í ±ô¦ ³î¶ú´Ù ·ÎŰ´Â ±×³à°¡ ¿äÅ÷ÇÏÀÓÀÇ À¯¸íÇÑ Áö¹èÀÚÀÎ ½Å¶ûÀ» ¸¸³ª´Â ±â»Ý¿¡ ¿©µå·¹ µ¿¾ÈÀ̳ª ¾Æ¹« °Íµµ ¸ÔÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù°í º¯¸íÇß´Ù. Æ®¸²Àº ¸¶Ä§³» È£±â½É¿¡ ¸øÀÌ°Ü ±×ÀÇ ½ÅºÎÀÇ º£ÀÏ ¹ØÀ» ¿³º¸°í ±ô¦ ³î¶ó µÚ·Î ¹°·¯¼¸ç, ¿Ö ÇÁ·¹¾ßÀÇ ´«µ¿°¡ ºÒ°ú °°ÀÌ ºû³ª´À³Ä°í ¹°¾ú´Ù. ·ÎŰ´Â º¯¸íÀ» µÇÇ®ÀÌÇÏ¿´°í ¸¶Ä§³» Æ®¸²Àº ³³µæÇß´Ù. ±×´Â ¸ÁÄ¡¸¦ °¡Á®¿À°Ô ÇÏ¿© ±×°ÍÀ» ½ÅºÎ ¹«¸¿¡ ³õ¾Ò´Ù. ±×·¯ÀÚ ½î¿À¸£´Â º¯ÀåÀ» ¹þ¾î ¹ö¸®°í ±×ÀÇ ¹«¼¿î ¹«±â¸¦ Àâ°í´Â Æ®¸²°ú ±× ºÎÇϵéÀ» ÃÄÁ×ÀÌ°í ¸»¾Ò´Ù.
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Frey also possessed a wonderful weapon, a sword which
would of itself spread a field with carnage whenever the
owner desired it. Frey parted with this sword, but was
less fortunate than Thor and never recovered it. It
happened in this way: Frey once mounted Odin's throne,
from whence one can see over the whole universe, and
looking round saw far off in the giant's kingdom a
beautiful maid, at the sight of whom he was struck with
sudden sadness, insomuch that from that moment he could
neither sleep, nor drink, nor speak. At last Skirnir, his
messenger, drew his secret from him, and undertook to get
him the maiden for his bride, if he would give him his
sword as a reward. Frey consented and gave him the sword,
and Skirnir set off on his journey and obtained the
maiden's promise that within nine nights she would come to
a certain place and there wed Frey. Skirnir having
reported the success of his errand, Frey exclaimed:
"Long is one night,
Long are two nights,
But how shall I hold out three?
Shorter hath seemed
A month to me oft
Than of this longing time the half."
So Frey obtained Gerda, the most beautiful of all women,
for his wife, but he lost his sword.
This story, entitled "Skirnir For," and the one
immediately preceding it, "Thrym's Quida," will
be found poetically told in Longfellow's
"Poets and Poetry of Europe."
[see also: Norse
Ballads of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow]
[see also: Ymir's
Body and Audhumbla's Milk]
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ÇÁ·¹À̵µ ÀÌ»óÇÑ ¹«±â¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ±× ¼ÒÀ¯ÀÚ°¡ ¿øÇϱ⸸ ÇÏ¸é ¾ðÁ¦µçÁö ÀúÀý·Î ¿òÁ÷¿© ÀüÀåÀ» ¶Ù¾î´Ù´Ï¸ç ÀûÀ» º£°í ´Ù´Ï´Â Ä®ÀÌ´Ù. ÇÁ·¹À̵µ ±× Ä®À» ÀÒ¾ú´Âµ¥, ½î¿À¸£º¸´Ù ºÒÇàÇÏ¿© ´Ù½Ã ±×°ÍÀ» ¼Õ¿¡ ³ÖÁö ¸øÇß´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº »çÀ¯¿´´Ù. ÇÁ·¹ÀÌ´Â ¾ðÁ¨°¡ ¿ÀµòÀÇ ¿ÁÁ¿¡ ¿Ã¶ó°£ ÀÏÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Âµ¥, ±×°÷¿¡¼´Â Àü¿ìÁÖ¸¦ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ÇÁ·¹À̰¡ ÁÖÀ§¸¦ µ¹¾Æº¸°í ÀÖÀ» ¶§ ¸Ö¸® °ÅÀÎÀÇ ¿Õ±¹¿¡ ÇÑ ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿î ó³àÀÇ ¸ð½ÀÀÌ ´«¿¡ ¶ç¾ú´Ù. ±×³à¸¦ º¸ÀÚ ±×´Â °©Àڱ⠺ñ¾Ö¿¡ »ç·ÎÀâÇô ±× ¼ø°£ºÎÅÍ Àáµµ ÀÚÁö ¸øÇϰí À½½Äµµ ÀüÆóÇÏ°í ¸»µµ ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù.
¸¶Ä§³» ½ºÅ°¸£´Ï¸£¶ó´Â ±×ÀÇ ÇÏÀÎÀÌ ±×ÀÇ ºñ¹ÐÀ» ŽÁöÇÏ°í ±×ÀÇ Ä®À» º¸¼ö·Î ÁØ´Ù¸é ±× Ã³³à¸¦ ½ÅºÎ·Î ¸ÂÀ» ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï µ¥·Á´Ù ÁÖ¸¶°í ¾à¼ÓÇß´Ù. ÇÁ·¹ÀÌ´Â ½Â³«Çϰí, ÇÏÀο¡°Ô Ä®À» ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ½ºÅ°¸£´Ï¸£´Â ±æÀ» ¶°³ª ±×³à¸¦ ¸¸³µ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×³à·ÎºÎÅÍ ¾ÆÈå·¹ ¾ÈÀ¸·Î ¾î¶² Àå¼Ò·Î ¿Í¼ ±×°÷¿¡¼ ÇÁ·¹ÀÌ¿Í °áÈ¥Çϰڴٴ ¾ð¾àÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ½ºÅ°¸£´Ï¸£°¡ µ¹¾Æ¿Í¼ ½ÉºÎ¸§ °£ ÀÏÀÌ ¼º°øÇß´Ù´Â ¸»À» ÀüÇÏÀÚ, ÇÁ·¹ÀÌ´Â ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¿ÜÃÆ´Ù.
ÇÏ·í¹ãÀº ±æ´Ù.
µÎ ¹ãó·³ ±æ´Ù.
¾î¶»°Ô ¼¼ ¹ãÀ» Áö³»¸®¿À?
º¸Åë ¶§ÀÇ ÇÑ´ÞÀÌ
ÀÌ ¾ÖŸ´Â ½Ã°£ÀÇ ¹Ýº¸´Ù ª°Ô ´À²¸Áø´Ù.
ÀÌ·¸°Ô ÇÏ¿© ÇÁ·¹ÀÌ´Â ¸ðµç ¿©ÀÚ Áß °¡Àå ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿î °Ô¸£´Ù¸¦ ±×ÀÇ ¾Æ³»·Î ¾ò¾úÀ¸³ª, Ä®Àº ¿µ¿µ ÀÒ¾î¹ö·È´Ù.
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Back to Chapter XXXVII
On to Chapter XXXIX |
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¡¡THOMAS BULFINCH
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